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先看效果动图如下：

验证码输入框是常用的app功能页面，实现上并不复杂详情如下：
首先是布局xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    tools:context=".activity.CheckVerificationCodeActivity">
    <!--改为约束布局方式-->
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtCode1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/shape_bg_txt_40"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="#ff333333"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        tools:text="A"

        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/txtCode2"

        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtCode2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/shape_bg_txt_40"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="#ff333333"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        tools:text="1"

        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/txtCode1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/txtCode1"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/txtCode3"

        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtCode3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/shape_bg_txt_40"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="#ff333333"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        tools:text="2"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/txtCode1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/txtCode2"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/txtCode4"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtCode4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/shape_bg_txt_40"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="#ff333333"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        tools:text="B"

        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/txtCode1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/txtCode3"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editCode"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="@android:color/transparent"
        android:inputType="text"
        android:maxLength="4"
        android:textColor="@android:color/transparent"
        tools:text="1234"

        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/txtCode1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/txtCode1"
        />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

效果如下图：

自定义组件VerificationCodeView如下：

package top.lc951.myandroid.views;

import android.content.Context;
import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import top.lc951.myandroid.R;

/**
 * 验证码输入框组件化
 *
 *
 * @author lichong
 * 2022年12月07日09:58:52
 */
public class VerificationCodeView extends RelativeLayout {
    private static int MAX = 4;
    private EditText editText;
    private TextView[] textViews;
    String inputContent;

    public VerificationCodeView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }
    public VerificationCodeView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        View.inflate(context, R.layout.view_check_verification_code, this);
        textViews = new TextView[MAX];
        editText = findViewById(R.id.editCode);
        editText.setCursorVisible(false);//隐藏光标  setEditTextListener();

        textViews[0] = findViewById(R.id.txtCode1);
        textViews[1] = findViewById(R.id.txtCode2);
        textViews[2] = findViewById(R.id.txtCode3);
        textViews[3] = findViewById(R.id.txtCode4);

        editText.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {

            @Override
            public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {

            }

            @Override
            public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
                inputContent = editText.getText().toString();
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                    if (i < inputContent.length()) {
                        textViews[i].setText(String.valueOf(inputContent.charAt(i)));
                    } else {
                        textViews[i].setText("");
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public String getText(){
        return inputContent;
    }
}

具体使用就比较简单了

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".activity.CheckVerificationCodeActivity">

    <top.lc951.myandroid.views.VerificationCodeView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="100dp"
        tools:ignore="MissingConstraints"
        android:id="@+id/view_verification_code"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/submit"
        android:text="提交"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="44dp"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/view_verification_code"
        android:layout_margin="16dp"
        android:background="@drawable/shape_bg_corners_25_ff5252"
        android:textSize="19sp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:onClick="onSubmit"
        />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

然后在activity里进行调用：

package top.lc951.myandroid.activity;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

import top.lc951.myandroid.R;
import top.lc951.myandroid.views.VerificationCodeView;

/**
 * 功能:
 * 验证码输入页面
 *
 * <p></p>
 * <p>
 * 业务描述:
 * 4位验证码输入
 *
 * UI实现方案如下
 * 4个TextView，一个EditText（背景透明；文字透明）
 * 监听EditText的输入变化
 *
 */
public class CheckVerificationCodeActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final String TAG = CheckVerificationCodeActivity.class.getSimpleName();
    private VerificationCodeView verificationCodeView;
    public static void actionActivity(Context context) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(context, CheckVerificationCodeActivity.class);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_check_verification_code);
        verificationCodeView=findViewById(R.id.view_verification_code);
    }

    public void onSubmit(View view){
        String code=verificationCodeView.getText();
        if(TextUtils.isEmpty(code))
            return;
        Toast.makeText(this, code, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

===================END