目录
测试环境：
VMware workstations 15 Pro+
CENTOS 7.9
一、配置本地YUM源
1、创建目录/yum
2、挂载光盘到/yum目录
3、配置yum源文件
首先禁用目录内其他
YUM
源
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo.b CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.b CentOS-Sources.repo.b
CentOS-Base.repo.backup CentOS-fasttrack.repo.b CentOS-Vault.repo.b
CentOS-CR.repo.b CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo.b
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Media.repo
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-Media.repo
# This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for
# CentOS-7. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
# DVD ISO that we release.
#
# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too:
# yum –enablerepo=c7-media [command]
#
# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
#
# yum –disablerepo=\* –enablerepo=c7-media [command]
[c7-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever – Media
baseurl=file:///yum/ #这里的目录是光盘挂载的目录
【注意：如果是其他版本LINUX，需要注意这个目录内有repodata目录】
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1 #启用此YUM源文件
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
4、yum clean all清除YUM缓存
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: c7-media
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
5、yum makecache 创建YUM缓存
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
c7-media | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/4): c7-media/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00
(2/4): c7-media/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00
(3/4): c7-media/filelists_db | 3.3 MB 00:00
(4/4): c7-media/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00
Metadata Cache Created
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
二、配置远程yum源
1、使本地YUM源失效
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Media.repo.b
2、创建YUM源文件
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# vi cenos7.repo
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat cenos7.repo
[base]
name=centos7-www
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
3、刷新YUM缓存
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): base/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:01
(3/4): base/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): base/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:01
Metadata Cache Created
4、测试安装软件
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd
vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 vsftpd.x86_64
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-28.el7 base 172 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 172 k
Installed size: 353 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 172 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7
Complete!
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd-sysvinit x86_64 3.0.2-28.el7 base 24 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 24 k
Installed size: 2.8 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
vsftpd-sysvinit-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : vsftpd-sysvinit-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : vsftpd-sysvinit-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7
Complete!
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
三、其他命令和参数
安装yum install httpd
升级yum update httpd
检查需要升级的软件包yum check-update
YUM源可安装的软件包yum list
已经安装的软件包yum list installed
显示某个软件包的信息yum info httpd
移除软件包yum remove httpd
清除缓存yum clean all
-h 帮助参数
-y 确认参数
-q 默认安装参数
四、自建网络YUM源
1、安装httpd
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-95.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64
–> Running transaction check
—> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
—> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
—> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos will be installed
—> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base 93 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Downloading packages:
(1/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00
(3/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00:00
(4/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00
(5/5): httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:00
———————————————————————————————————–
Total 3.6 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
Complete!
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
systemctl start httpd
启动httpd服务
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
systemctl enable httpd
设置开机启动httpd服务
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
客户端测试httpd服务，正常。
2、创建目录并挂载资源
mkdir /var/www/html/cent7
mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/cent7
[root@centos7 cent7]# pwd
/var/www/html/cent7
[root@centos7 cent7]# ls
CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL
[root@centos7 cent7]#
3、创建YUM源文件
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# vi centos7-http.repo
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat centos7-http.repo
[centos7-http]
name=centos7-http
baseurl=http://192.168.31.111/cent7/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
4、使原有YUM源失效
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# mv cenos7.repo cenos7.repo.b
5、清除YUM缓存
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: centos7-http
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 164 M of disk space (use –verbose for details)
6、创建YUM缓存
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
centos7-http | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/4): centos7-http/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00
(2/4): centos7-http/filelists_db | 3.3 MB 00:00
(3/4): centos7-http/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00
(4/4): centos7-http/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00
Metadata Cache Created
YUM源使用测试
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum remove vsftpd.x86_64 -y 删除软件包
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd.x86_64 -y 安装软件包
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-28.el7 centos7-http 172 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 172 k
Installed size: 353 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 172 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7
Complete!
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#
五、创建自己的YUM源
当安装一些固定的软件包变成常态，我们可以把这些软件包进行收集，然后创建自己的YUM源信息和文件，可以方便统一安装部署。
1、安装创建YUM源的软件包
createrepo
deltarpm （RHEL8之后版本没有这个软件）
python-deltarpm （RHEL8之后版本没有这个软件）
2、收集软件包
比喻说，把安装zabbix所需的软件包放入/test目录下
3、创建自己的YUM源文件
#createrepo /test
4、查看
[root@orl8301 repodata]# pwd
/test/repodata
[root@orl8301 repodata]# ls
0ba2158a9753a65236a78bb3700fe4d0f92083c389b8940c2a32817466ea2609-filelists.sqlite.bz2
27965b828603d3bf0bb98e816879ff9645877ac54235633708aa2e602843f9bb-primary.xml.gz
506f22a60d7d164459354719a1057f41c8e5469556b2d31c597a38e53f375d85-other.xml.gz
96bca63e88ab286c735a172566c679655628aa78310884a97ba56bc831ad5a0d-primary.sqlite.bz2
cdd96dc02085e2f75b2b7564145b71fc057b3819bc0388c5fc843e9ab6af15cf-other.sqlite.bz2
db0fda0dc24f0d05aa780179b09dc78a021c8d8f3924f73b54aaa1fc619ed897-filelists.xml.gz
repomd.xml
[root@orl8301 repodata]#
5、更改YUM配置文件
6、测试安装软件包。
六、以上测试都没问题