一.tendermint文件结构
- abci-client:Tendermint充当有关一个应用的ABCI客户端，并且维护3个连接：mempool，consensu和query。
- blockchain：提供存储，pool（一组peers）以及在peers之间存储以及交换区块的reactor。
- consensus：Tendermint core的核心，实现了共识算法。包括两个“子模块”：wal（write-ahead logging,预写式日志）用于保证数据完整性和replay：宕机恢复后replay区块和消息。
- mempool:内存池模块会处理所有流入系统的交易，不论它们是来自peers（即peers也可以产生交易）还是应用（应用也可以产生交易，当然主要是应用产生）。
- p2p：围绕点对点通信提供了抽象。
- rpc：Tendermint的RPC服务。
- state：表示最近的状态和执行子模块（根据应用执行区块)。
- types：一组公开暴露的类型和方法。
- node:tendermint节点的定义
二.tendermint/node分析：
- id.go
依赖的包:time,crypto。通过crypto生成节点的公钥和私钥。id中定义了NodeID，PrivNodeID，NodeGreeting, SignedNodegreeting 四个结构体。
- node.go
1.tendermint/node启动流程分析
1.首先做包的初始化，包的初始化按照在程序中导入的顺序来进行。
2.main函数的核心函数是cmd.Execute，而追踪下去，真正做事的是（c *Command） execute方法。
下面是（c *Command） execute的核心处理逻辑。
最后落在了initFiles函数,命令执行成功会输出如下信息
node --proxy_app=dummy --home "/Users/zcy/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint"
2.启动流程源码分析
if c.RunE != nil {
if err := c.RunE(c, argWoFlags); err != nil {
return err
}
} else {
c.Run(c, argWoFlags)
}
c.RunE(c, argWoFlags)是调用匿名函数RunE，而RunE的赋值则是在NewRunNodeCmd函数(/cmd/tendermints/commands/run_node.go)：
// NewRunNodeCmd returns the command that allows the CLI to start a
// node. It can be used with a custom PrivValidator and in-process ABCI application.
func NewRunNodeCmd(nodeProvider nm.NodeProvider) *cobra.Command {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "node",
Short: "Run the tendermint node",
RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { //匿名函数
// Create & start node
n, err := nodeProvider(config, logger)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Failed to create node: %v", err)
}
if err := n.Start(); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Failed to start node: %v", err)
} else {
logger.Info("Started node", "nodeInfo", n.Switch().NodeInfo()) //节点启动完毕打印日志Started node
}
// Trap signal, run forever.
n.RunForever()
return nil
},
}
AddNodeFlags(cmd)
return cmd
}
这个匿名函数有三个功能：
1、创建node（nodeProvider(config, logger)）
2、启动node（n.Start()）
3、监听停止node的信号（n.RunForever()）
- 创建node
nodeProvider(config,logger)具体执行DefaultNewNode函数（/node/node.go#DefaultNewNode）。DefaultNewNode函数会返回一个Node全局变量。
// DefaultNewNode returns a Tendermint node with default settings for the
// PrivValidator, ClientCreator, GenesisDoc, and DBProvider.
// It implements NodeProvider.
func DefaultNewNode(config *cfg.Config, logger log.Logger) (*Node, error) {
return NewNode(config,
types.LoadOrGenPrivValidatorFS(config.PrivValidatorFile()),
proxy.DefaultClientCreator(config.ProxyApp, config.ABCI, config.DBDir()),
DefaultGenesisDocProviderFunc(config),
DefaultDBProvider,
logger)
}
DefaultNewNode的第一个实参为config。config的定义在/cmd/tendermint/commands/root.go：
var (
config = cfg.DefaultConfig()
)
注意：用户在命令行传入的参数，那只是启动节点所需的非常小的一部分参数。大多数参数都是需要从默认配置中加载的。config全局变量加载了node所需的所有默认参数（主要是默认基础配置、默认RPC配置、默认P2P配置、内存池配置、共识配置和交易索引配置）
DefaultNewNode的第二个实参为types.LoadOrGenPrivValidatorFS(config.PrivValidatorFile())，该函数会返回一个PrivValidatorFS实例。
DefaultNewNode的第三个实参为proxy.DefaultClientCreator(config.ProxyApp,config.ABCI,config.DBDir())，其中DefaultClientCreator函数（/proxy/client.go#DefaultClientCreator）的第一个实参config.ProxyApp=“dummy”；
第二个实参config.ABCI=“socket”；第三个实参config.DBDir()
但是具体负责创建这个全局变量的函数走的是NewNode函数。代码在/node/node.go#NewNode。
// NewNode returns a new, ready to go, Tendermint Node.
func NewNode(config *cfg.Config,
privValidator types.PrivValidator,
clientCreator proxy.ClientCreator,
genesisDocProvider GenesisDocProvider,
dbProvider DBProvider,
logger log.Logger) (*Node, error) {
// Get BlockStore
//初始化blockstore数据库
blockStoreDB, err := dbProvider(&DBContext{"blockstore", config})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
blockStore := bc.NewBlockStore(blockStoreDB)
// Get State
//初始化state数据库
stateDB, err := dbProvider(&DBContext{"state", config})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Get genesis doc
// TODO: move to state package?
//从硬盘上读取创世文件
genDoc, err := loadGenesisDoc(stateDB)
if err != nil {
genDoc, err = genesisDocProvider()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// save genesis doc to prevent a certain class of user errors (e.g. when it
// was changed, accidentally or not). Also good for audit trail.
saveGenesisDoc(stateDB, genDoc)
}
state, err := sm.LoadStateFromDBOrGenesisDoc(stateDB, genDoc)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Create the proxyApp, which manages connections (consensus, mempool, query)
// and sync tendermint and the app by performing a handshake
// and replaying any necessary blocks
consensusLogger := logger.With("module", "consensus")
handshaker := cs.NewHandshaker(stateDB, state, blockStore)
handshaker.SetLogger(consensusLogger)
proxyApp := proxy.NewAppConns(clientCreator, handshaker)
proxyApp.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "proxy"))
//Start()
if err := proxyApp.Start(); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error starting proxy app connections: %v", err)
}
// reload the state (it may have been updated by the handshake)
state = sm.LoadState(stateDB)
// Decide whether to fast-sync or not
// We don't fast-sync when the only validator is us.
fastSync := config.FastSync //默认开启快速同步
if state.Validators.Size() == 1 {
addr, _ := state.Validators.GetByIndex(0) //返回验证人的地址
if bytes.Equal(privValidator.GetAddress(), addr) {
fastSync = false //如果只有一个验证者，禁用快速同步
}
}
// Log（打印日志） whether this node is a validator or an observer（观察者）
if state.Validators.HasAddress(privValidator.GetAddress()) {
consensusLogger.Info("This node is a validator", "addr", privValidator.GetAddress(), "pubKey", privValidator.GetPubKey())
} else {
consensusLogger.Info("This node is not a validator", "addr", privValidator.GetAddress(), "pubKey", privValidator.GetPubKey())
}
// Make MempoolReactor
mempoolLogger := logger.With("module", "mempool")
//创建交易池
mempool := mempl.NewMempool(config.Mempool, proxyApp.Mempool(), state.LastBlockHeight)
mempool.InitWAL() // no need to have the mempool wal during tests
mempool.SetLogger(mempoolLogger)
mempoolReactor := mempl.NewMempoolReactor(config.Mempool, mempool)
mempoolReactor.SetLogger(mempoolLogger)
if config.Consensus.WaitForTxs() {
mempool.EnableTxsAvailable()
}
// Make Evidence Reactor
evidenceDB, err := dbProvider(&DBContext{"evidence", config})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
evidenceLogger := logger.With("module", "evidence")
evidenceStore := evidence.NewEvidenceStore(evidenceDB)
evidencePool := evidence.NewEvidencePool(stateDB, evidenceStore)
evidencePool.SetLogger(evidenceLogger)
evidenceReactor := evidence.NewEvidenceReactor(evidencePool)
evidenceReactor.SetLogger(evidenceLogger)
blockExecLogger := logger.With("module", "state")
// make block executor for consensus and blockchain reactors to execute blocks
blockExec := sm.NewBlockExecutor(stateDB, blockExecLogger, proxyApp.Consensus(), mempool, evidencePool)
// Make BlockchainReactor
bcReactor := bc.NewBlockchainReactor(state.Copy(), blockExec, blockStore, fastSync)
bcReactor.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "blockchain"))
// Make ConsensusReactor
consensusState := cs.NewConsensusState(config.Consensus, state.Copy(),
blockExec, blockStore, mempool, evidencePool)
consensusState.SetLogger(consensusLogger)
if privValidator != nil {
consensusState.SetPrivValidator(privValidator)
}
consensusReactor := cs.NewConsensusReactor(consensusState, fastSync)
consensusReactor.SetLogger(consensusLogger)
p2pLogger := logger.With("module", "p2p")
sw := p2p.NewSwitch(config.P2P)
sw.SetLogger(p2pLogger)
sw.AddReactor("MEMPOOL", mempoolReactor)
sw.AddReactor("BLOCKCHAIN", bcReactor)
sw.AddReactor("CONSENSUS", consensusReactor)
sw.AddReactor("EVIDENCE", evidenceReactor)
// Optionally, start the pex reactor
var addrBook pex.AddrBook
var trustMetricStore *trust.TrustMetricStore
if config.P2P.PexReactor {
addrBook = pex.NewAddrBook(config.P2P.AddrBookFile(), config.P2P.AddrBookStrict)
addrBook.SetLogger(p2pLogger.With("book", config.P2P.AddrBookFile()))
// Get the trust metric history data
trustHistoryDB, err := dbProvider(&DBContext{"trusthistory", config})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
trustMetricStore = trust.NewTrustMetricStore(trustHistoryDB, trust.DefaultConfig())
trustMetricStore.SetLogger(p2pLogger)
var seeds []string
if config.P2P.Seeds != "" {
seeds = strings.Split(config.P2P.Seeds, ",")
}
pexReactor := pex.NewPEXReactor(addrBook,
&pex.PEXReactorConfig{Seeds: seeds, SeedMode: config.P2P.SeedMode})
pexReactor.SetLogger(p2pLogger)
sw.AddReactor("PEX", pexReactor)
}
// Filter peers by addr or pubkey with an ABCI query.
// If the query return code is OK, add peer.
// XXX: Query format subject to change
if config.FilterPeers {
// NOTE: addr is ip:port
sw.SetAddrFilter(func(addr net.Addr) error {
resQuery, err := proxyApp.Query().QuerySync(abci.RequestQuery{Path: cmn.Fmt("/p2p/filter/addr/%s", addr.String())})
if err != nil {
return err
}
if resQuery.IsErr() {
return fmt.Errorf("Error querying abci app: %v", resQuery)
}
return nil
})
sw.SetPubKeyFilter(func(pubkey crypto.PubKey) error {
resQuery, err := proxyApp.Query().QuerySync(abci.RequestQuery{Path: cmn.Fmt("/p2p/filter/pubkey/%X", pubkey.Bytes())})
if err != nil {
return err
}
if resQuery.IsErr() {
return fmt.Errorf("Error querying abci app: %v", resQuery)
}
return nil
})
}
eventBus := types.NewEventBus()
eventBus.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "events"))
// services which will be publishing and/or subscribing for messages (events)
// consensusReactor will set it on consensusState and blockExecutor
consensusReactor.SetEventBus(eventBus)
// Transaction indexing
var txIndexer txindex.TxIndexer
switch config.TxIndex.Indexer {
case "kv":
store, err := dbProvider(&DBContext{"tx_index", config})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if config.TxIndex.IndexTags != "" {
txIndexer = kv.NewTxIndex(store, kv.IndexTags(strings.Split(config.TxIndex.IndexTags, ",")))
} else if config.TxIndex.IndexAllTags {
txIndexer = kv.NewTxIndex(store, kv.IndexAllTags())
} else {
txIndexer = kv.NewTxIndex(store)
}
default:
txIndexer = &null.TxIndex{}
}
indexerService := txindex.NewIndexerService(txIndexer, eventBus)
// run the profile server
profileHost := config.ProfListenAddress
if profileHost != "" {
go func() {
logger.Error("Profile server", "err", http.ListenAndServe(profileHost, nil))
}()
}
//创建node，并给成员赋值
node := &Node{
config: config,
genesisDoc: genDoc,
privValidator: privValidator,
sw: sw,
addrBook: addrBook,
trustMetricStore: trustMetricStore,
stateDB: stateDB,
blockStore: blockStore,
bcReactor: bcReactor,
mempoolReactor: mempoolReactor,
consensusState: consensusState,
consensusReactor: consensusReactor,
evidencePool: evidencePool,
proxyApp: proxyApp,
txIndexer: txIndexer,
indexerService: indexerService,
eventBus: eventBus,
}
node.BaseService = *cmn.NewBaseService(logger, "Node", node)
return node, nil
}
这里，我们有必要看看Node的定义：
// Node is the highest level interface to a full Tendermint node.
// It includes all configuration information and running services.
type Node struct {
cmn.BaseService //内部类型
// config
config *cfg.Config
genesisDoc *types.GenesisDoc // initial validator set
privValidator types.PrivValidator // local node's validator key
// network
sw *p2p.Switch // p2p connections
addrBook pex.AddrBook // known peers 已知的peer
trustMetricStore *trust.TrustMetricStore // trust metrics for all peers
// services
eventBus *types.EventBus // pub/sub for services
stateDB dbm.DB
blockStore *bc.BlockStore // store the blockchain to disk
bcReactor *bc.BlockchainReactor // for fast-syncing
mempoolReactor *mempl.MempoolReactor // for gossipping transactions
consensusState *cs.ConsensusState // latest consensus state
consensusReactor *cs.ConsensusReactor // for participating in the consensus
evidencePool *evidence.EvidencePool // tracking evidence
proxyApp proxy.AppConns // connection to the application
rpcListeners []net.Listener // rpc servers
txIndexer txindex.TxIndexer
indexerService *txindex.IndexerService
}
- 启动node
负责启动的函数是OnStart，定义在/node/node.go#OnStart()
// OnStart starts the Node. It implements cmn.Service.
func (n *Node) OnStart() error {
err := n.eventBus.Start() //复用了BaseService的(bs *BaseService) Start()方法
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Run the RPC server first
// so we can eg. receive txs for the first block
if n.config.RPC.ListenAddress != "" {
listeners, err := n.startRPC() //启动RPC
if err != nil {
return err
}
n.rpcListeners = listeners
}
// Create & add listener
protocol, address := cmn.ProtocolAndAddress(n.config.P2P.ListenAddress)
l := p2p.NewDefaultListener(protocol, address, n.config.P2P.SkipUPNP, n.Logger.With("module", "p2p"))
n.sw.AddListener(l)
// Generate node PrivKey
// TODO: pass in like priv_val
nodeKey, err := p2p.LoadOrGenNodeKey(n.config.NodeKeyFile())
if err != nil {
return err
}
n.Logger.Info("P2P Node ID", "ID", nodeKey.ID(), "file", n.config.NodeKeyFile())
// Start the switch
n.sw.SetNodeInfo(n.makeNodeInfo(nodeKey.PubKey()))
n.sw.SetNodeKey(nodeKey)
err = n.sw.Start()
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Always connect to persistent peers
if n.config.P2P.PersistentPeers != "" {
err = n.sw.DialPeersAsync(n.addrBook, strings.Split(n.config.P2P.PersistentPeers, ","), true)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
// start tx indexer
return n.indexerService.Start()
}
- 停止node
TM中node启动时执行了n.RunForever()，它负责监听中断信号，然后停掉node。
// RunForever waits for an interrupt signal and stops the node.
func (n *Node) RunForever() {
// Sleep forever and then...
cmn.TrapSignal(func() {
n.Stop() //调用BaseService的(bs *BaseService) Stop方法
})
}
具体负责中断信号的是TrapSignal函数(vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common/os.go)：
// TrapSignal catches the SIGTERM and executes cb function. After that it exits
// with code 1.
func TrapSignal(cb func()) {
c := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
signal.Notify(c, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
go func() {
for sig := range c {
fmt.Printf("captured %v, exiting...\n", sig)
if cb != nil {
cb()
}
os.Exit(1)
}
}()
select {}
}
TrapSignal函数监听了SIGTERM信号。当用户触发了ctrl+c才终止node。
具体负责node的停止操作的是OnStop函数（/node/node.go#OnStop()）：
// OnStop stops the Node. It implements cmn.Service.
func (n *Node) OnStop() {
n.BaseService.OnStop()
n.Logger.Info("Stopping Node")
// TODO: gracefully disconnect from peers.
n.sw.Stop()
for _, l := range n.rpcListeners {
n.Logger.Info("Closing rpc listener", "listener", l)
if err := l.Close(); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error closing listener", "listener", l, "err", err)
}
}
n.eventBus.Stop()
n.indexerService.Stop()
}
3.启动案例分析:
首先，创建了多个应用连接（multiAppConn），具体是三个连接（query，mempool和consensu）。注意：这里的应用是指在本地以dummy运行。
I[03-25|04:40:48.219] Starting multiAppConn module=proxy impl=multiAppConn
I[03-25|04:40:48.219] Starting localClient module=abci-client connection=query impl=localClient
I[03-25|04:40:48.219] Starting localClient module=abci-client connection=mempool impl=localClient
I[03-25|04:40:48.219] Starting localClient module=abci-client connection=consensus impl=localClient
接着Tendermint Core和应用完成了一次握手。
I[03-25|04:40:48.219] ABCI Handshake module=consensus appHeight=0 appHash=
I[03-25|04:40:48.219] ABCI Replay Blocks module=consensus appHeight=0 storeHeight=0 stateHeight=0
I[03-25|04:40:48.219] Completed ABCI Handshake - Tendermint and App are synced module=consensus appHeight=0 appHash=
之后，开启了一系列的服务（为正式启动node做准备），例如事件开关（event switch），reactor以及为了检测IP地址，完成了UPNP发现。
“Started node”消息预示着node启动完毕，随时准备区块创建。
I[03-25|04:40:51.248] Started node module=main nodeInfo="NodeInfo{pk: {PubKeyEd25519{54E665EFA8EF7AD5763C421129F66FBD367B253788543C0E1B9CF047C45771D3}}, moniker: bootnode-hongkong, network: test-chain-MErM3n [listen 172.31.22.212:46656], version: 0.16.0 ([wire_version=0.7.2 p2p_version=0.5.0 consensus_version=v1/0.2.2 rpc_version=0.7.0/3 tx_index=on rpc_addr=tcp://0.0.0.0:46657])}"
接着是一个标准的区块创建过程，即进入到新的一轮中，提案一个区块，接收超过2/3的预投票（prevote），接着预提交（precommit）并且最终提交一个区块(finalise)。
I[03-25|04:40:51.250] enterNewRound(1/0). Current: 1/0/RoundStepNewHeight module=consensus
I[03-25|04:40:51.250] enterPropose(1/0). Current: 1/0/RoundStepNewRound module=consensus
I[03-25|04:40:51.250] enterPropose: Our turn to propose module=consensus proposer=BD8F0160796AEC1E6454C55CCA6AF15EACF94A2D privValidator="PrivValidator{BD8F0160796AEC1E6454C55CCA6AF15EACF94A2D LH:0, LR:0, LS:0}"
I[03-25|04:40:51.253] Signed proposal module=consensus height=1 round=0 proposal="Proposal{1/0 1:57D9BC19067F (-1,:0:000000000000) {/3FB2AD239E88.../} @ 2018-03-25T04:40:51.250Z}"
I[03-25|04:40:51.259] Received complete proposal block module=consensus height=1 hash=2CFA5BC56A2E5D0BB94B84EB35AD05CC8F47CC49
I[03-25|04:40:51.259] enterPrevote(1/0). Current: 1/0/RoundStepPropose module=consensus
I[03-25|04:40:51.259] enterPrevote: ProposalBlock is valid module=consensus height=1 round=0
I[03-25|04:40:51.261] Signed and pushed vote module=consensus height=1 round=0 vote="Vote{0:BD8F0160796A 1/00/1(Prevote) 2CFA5BC56A2E {/347B4DC16274.../} @ 2018-03-25T04:40:51.259Z}" err=null
I[03-25|04:40:51.265] Added to prevote module=consensus vote="Vote{0:BD8F0160796A 1/00/1(Prevote) 2CFA5BC56A2E {/347B4DC16274.../} @ 2018-03-25T04:40:51.259Z}" prevotes="VoteSet{H:1 R:0 T:1 +2/3:2CFA5BC56A2E5D0BB94B84EB35AD05CC8F47CC49:1:57D9BC19067F BA{1:X} map[]}"
I[03-25|04:40:51.265] enterPrecommit(1/0). Current: 1/0/RoundStepPrevote module=consensus
I[03-25|04:40:51.265] enterPrecommit: +2/3 prevoted proposal block. Locking module=consensus hash=2CFA5BC56A2E5D0BB94B84EB35AD05CC8F47CC49
I[03-25|04:40:51.267] Signed and pushed vote module=consensus height=1 round=0 vote="Vote{0:BD8F0160796A 1/00/2(Precommit) 2CFA5BC56A2E {/1AB356C41018.../} @ 2018-03-25T04:40:51.265Z}" err=null
I[03-25|04:40:51.271] Added to precommit module=consensus vote="Vote{0:BD8F0160796A 1/00/2(Precommit) 2CFA5BC56A2E {/1AB356C41018.../} @ 2018-03-25T04:40:51.265Z}" precommits="VoteSet{H:1 R:0 T:2 +2/3:2CFA5BC56A2E5D0BB94B84EB35AD05CC8F47CC49:1:57D9BC19067F BA{1:X} map[]}"
I[03-25|04:40:51.271] enterCommit(1/0). Current: 1/0/RoundStepPrecommit module=consensus
I[03-25|04:40:51.274] Finalizing commit of block with 0 txs module=consensus height=1 hash=2CFA5BC56A2E5D0BB94B84EB35AD05CC8F47CC49 root=
I[03-25|04:40:51.274] Block{
Header{
ChainID: test-chain-MErM3n
Height: 1
Time: 2018-03-25 12:40:51.25 +0800 CST
NumTxs: 0
TotalTxs: 0
LastBlockID: :0:000000000000
LastCommit:
Data:
Validators: 7DBC0AC152D72CA2DA37CAB8D6D5A73B8DA9DC43
App:
Conensus: 0B8CEF95EC57AC2D96038FD0AE3901C14FAE8E73
Results:
Evidence:
}#2CFA5BC56A2E5D0BB94B84EB35AD05CC8F47CC49
Data{
}#
Data{
}#
Commit{
BlockID: :0:000000000000
Precommits:
}#
}#2CFA5BC56A2E5D0BB94B84EB35AD05CC8F47CC49 module=consensus
I[03-25|04:40:51.279] Executed block module=state height=1 validTxs=0 invalidTxs=0
I[03-25|04:40:51.281] Committed state module=state height=1 txs=0 appHash=0000000000000000
I[03-25|04:40:51.281] Recheck txs module=mempool numtxs=0 height=1