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The Xcode project file is an old-style plist (Next style) based on braces to delimit the hierarchy. The file begins with an 

explicit encoding information, usually the UTF-8 one. This means that the file must not bear a BOM (Byte Ordering Mark) at its 

start or the parsing will fail.

xcode工程文件是一种旧式风格的plist文件（基于括号来界定配置内容层级结构）。project.pbxproj以一个显式的编码信息开头，通常为UTF-8编码，如下：

// !$*UTF8*$!

这样也意味着该文件不能以BOM字符开头，否则会解析失败。如果解析失败，可以通过vim、vi命令打开文件，查看是文件是否以BOM字符开头。

A brief look at the Xcode project format

简单的来看下xcode 工程文件结构(粗字体是测试工程里面有的配置，下面也就有的部分进行分享)：

Elements：

Here is the list of elements contained in the file format:
Root Element
<strong>PBXBuildFile</strong>

<strong>PBXReferenceProxy</strong>
PBXBuildPhase
PBXAppleScriptBuildPhase
PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase
<strong>PBXFrameworksBuildPhase</strong>
PBXHeadersBuildPhase
<strong>PBXResourcesBuildPhase
PBXShellScriptBuildPhase
PBXSourcesBuildPhase
PBXContainerItemProxy</strong>
PBXFileElement
<strong>PBXFileReference
PBXGroup
PBXVariantGroup</strong>
PBXTarget
PBXAggregateTarget
PBXLegacyTarget
<strong>PBXNativeTarget
PBXProject
PBXTargetDependency
XCBuildConfiguration
XCConfigurationList</strong>

<strong>XCVersionGroup
</strong>

Root Element

小片段，格式有点像json，但是又不一样:

// !$*UTF8*$!
{
    archiveVersion = 1;
    classes = {
    };
    objectVersion = 45;
    objects = {

    ...

    };
    rootObject = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
}

其中，objects是最主要的配置，包含N多信息。

PBXContainerItemProxy

This is the element for to decorate a target item.

部署target的元素

PBXContainerItemProxy包含了若干个上述元素，片段：

                035703AE18EABAF4004B160A /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
                        isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
                        containerPortal = B1E8252217CCADFD00005C6F /* app.xcodeproj */;
                        proxyType = 2;
                        remoteGlobalIDString = 0336F132151729D200EFCD4E;
                        remoteInfo = app;
                };

PBXFileReference

A PBXFileReference is used to track every external file referenced by the project: source files, resource files, libraries, generated application files, and so on.

PBXFileReference用来跟踪被工程引用的外部文件：源文件，库文件，生成的应用文件等等。

片段：

033A5B4318DEF52F002E3194 /* DemoTitleViewCell.m */ = {

isa = PBXFileReference; 

fileEncoding = 4; 

lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.objc; 

name = DemoTitleViewCell.m; 

path = iPhone/Controllers/Demo/Setting/DemoTitleViewCell.m; 

sourceTree = "<group>"; 

};

PBXFrameworksBuildPhase

This is the element for the framewrok link build phase.

片段：

                6F71FAA51B61E4B2008BBED7 /* Frameworks */ = {
                        isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
                        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
                        files = (
                                6F71FABB1B61E5F2008BBED7 /* Security.framework in Frameworks */,
                                6F71FABA1B61E5E9008BBED7 /* AdSupport.framework in Frameworks */,
                                6F71FAB91B61E5DE008BBED7 /* Foundation.framework in Frameworks */,
                                6F71FAB81B61E5D8008BBED7 /* CFNetwork.framework in Frameworks */,
                                6F71FAA91B61E4B2008BBED7 /* NotificationCenter.framework in Frameworks */,
                        );
                        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
                };

PBXGroup

This is the element to group files or groups.

代码片段：

                0F2C30081A43534DG00615725 /* dataBase */ = {
                        isa = PBXGroup;
                        children = (
                                0F2C30091A37E67700615725 /* DataBaseManager.h */,
                                0F2C300A1A37E67700615725 /* DataBaseManager.m */,
                                0F2C300B1A37E67700615725 /* demoData.sqlite */,
                        );
                        name = dataBase;
                        path = iPhone/Controllers/dataBase;
                        sourceTree = "<group>";
                };

PBXHeadersBuildPhase

This is the element for the framewrok link build phase.

Example:

87293EBC1153C114007AFD45 /* Headers */ = {
    isa = PBXHeadersBuildPhase;
    buildActionMask = 2147483647;
    files = (
    );
    runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXLegacyTarget

MISSING

PBXNativeTarget

This is the element for a build target that produces a binary content (application or library).

Example:

8D1107260486CEB800E47090 /* XXX */ = {
    isa = PBXNativeTarget;
    buildConfigurationList = C01FCF4A08A954540054247B /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "XXX" */;
    buildPhases = (
        8D1107290486CEB800E47090 /* Resources */,
        8D11072C0486CEB800E47090 /* Sources */,
        8D11072E0486CEB800E47090 /* Frameworks */,
    );
    buildRules = (
    );
    dependencies = (
    );
    name = XXX;
    productInstallPath = "$(HOME)/Applications";
    productName = TrackIt;
    productReference = 8D1107320486CEB800E47090 /* XXX.app */;
    productType = "com.apple.product-type.application";
};

PBXProject

This is the element for a build target that produces a binary content (application or library).

Example:

29B97313FDCFA39411CA2CEA /* Project object */ = {
        isa = PBXProject;
        buildConfigurationList = C01FCF4E08A954540054247B /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "XXX" */;
        compatibilityVersion = "Xcode 2.4";
        developmentRegion = English;
        hasScannedForEncodings = 1;
        knownRegions = (
                English,
                Japanese,
                French,
                German,
                en,
        );
        mainGroup = 29B97314FDCFA39411CA2CEA /* XXX*/;
        projectDirPath = "";
        projectRoot = "";
        targets = (
             8D1107260486CEB800E47090 /* XXX*/,
        );
};

PBXResourcesBuildPhase

This is the element for the resources copy build phase.

Example:

8D1107290486CEB800E47090 /* Resources */ = {
        isa = PBXResourcesBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
                535C1E1B10AB6B6300F50231 /* ReadMe.txt in Resources */,
                533B968312721D05005E617D /* Credits.rtf in Resources */,
                533B968412721D05005E617D /* InfoPlist.strings in Resources */,
                533B968512721D05005E617D /* MainMenu.nib in Resources */,
                533B968612721D05005E617D /* TableEdit.nib in Resources */,
                533B968712721D05005E617D /* TestWindow.nib in Resources */,
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXShellScriptBuildPhase

This is the element for the resources copy build phase.

Example:

4D22DBAE11674009007AF714 /* ShellScript */ = {
        isa = PBXShellScriptBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
        );
        inputPaths = (
        );
        outputPaths = (
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
        shellPath = /bin/sh;
        shellScript = "./fix_references.sh";
};

PBXSourcesBuildPhase

This is the element for the sources compilation build phase.

Example:

4DF8B22D1171CFBF0081C1DD /* Sources */ = {
        isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
                4DF8B23E1171D0310081C1DD /* test.mm in Sources */,
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXTarget

This element is an abstract parent for specialized targets.

PBXTargetDependency

This is the element for referencing other target through content proxies.

Example:

4D22DC0D1167C992007AF714 /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
        isa = PBXTargetDependency;
        target = 87293EBF1153C114007AFD45 /* libXXX */;
        targetProxy = 4D22DC0C1167C992007AF714 /* PBXContainerItemProxy */;
};

PBXVariantGroup

This is the element for referencing localized resources.

Example:

870C88031338A77600A69309 /* MainMenu.xib */ = {
        isa = PBXVariantGroup;
        children = (
                870C88041338A77600A69309 /* en */,
        );
        name = MainMenu.xib;
        sourceTree = "";
};

XCBuildConfiguration

This is the element for defining build configuration.

Example:

870C88151338ABB600A69309 /* Debug */ = {
        isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
        buildSettings = {
                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
        };
        name = Debug;
};
870C88161338ABB600A69309 /* Release */ = {
        isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
        buildSettings = {
                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
        };
        name = Release;
};

XCConfigurationList

This is the element for listing build configurations.

Example:

870C87E41338A77600A69309 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "CocoaApp" */ = {
        isa = XCConfigurationList;
        buildConfigurations = (
                870C88061338A77600A69309 /* Debug */,
                870C88071338A77600A69309 /* Release */,
        );
        defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
        defaultConfigurationName = Release;
};