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CentOS7下Hadoop集群搭建（版本hadoop-2.7.3）

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文章目录

1、概念

1.1、主从结构

主从结构：集群中有部分节点充当主服务器，其他节点相对的充当从服务器的结构。主从结构一般分为：一主多从、多主多从。
Hadoop中的HDFS和YARN都是主从结构，主从结构有多种叫法：主节点-从节点、master-slave、管理者-工作者、leader-follower

1.2、Hadoop集群角色名称

Hadoop集群中各个角色的名称：

服务 主节点 从节点
HDFS NameNode DataNode
YARN ResourceManager NodeManager

2、安装前准备

2.1、安装软件准备

1、准备一台CentOS7的虚拟机
2、虚拟机中已安装JDK，如果没有，请参考《CentOS7安装JDK1.8简单体验（java开发必备）》
3、准备好Hadoop的安装文件，本次使用的版本是hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz，可以点击进行下载。

2.2、Hadoop集群服务器规划

服务主机 ip地址 主机名称 用户 HDFS YARN
Hadoop-Msater 192.192.168.223.131 hadoop-master root NameNode,DataNode ResourceManager,NodeManager
Hadoop-Slave1 192.192.168.223.128 hadoop-slave1 root SecondaryNameNode,DataNode NodeManager
Hadoop-Slave2 192.192.168.223.129 hadoop-slave2 root DataNode NodeManager
Hadoop-Slave3 192.192.168.223.130 hadoop-slave3 root DataNode NodeManager

规划安装目录：/usr/local/hadoop/apps
规划数据目录：/usr/local/hadoop/data
说明：请自行创建或者自定义安装目录

3、安装

3.1 解压文件

首先将压缩文包拷贝到/usr/local/hadoop/apps下，然后执行解压程序

[root@hadoop-master apps]# cd /usr/local/hadoop/apps/
[root@hadoop-master apps]# ls
hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz
[root@hadoop-master apps]# tar zxvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz

3.2 修改配置文件

配置文件的目录在：/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop/

[root@hadoop-master apps]# cd /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop/
[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# ls
capacity-scheduler.xml  hadoop-env.sh               httpfs-env.sh            kms-env.sh            mapred-env.sh               ssl-server.xml.example
configuration.xsl       hadoop-metrics2.properties  httpfs-log4j.properties  kms-log4j.properties  mapred-queues.xml.template  yarn-env.cmd
container-executor.cfg  hadoop-metrics.properties   httpfs-signature.secret  kms-site.xml          mapred-site.xml.template    yarn-env.sh
core-site.xml           hadoop-policy.xml           httpfs-site.xml          log4j.properties      slaves                      yarn-site.xml
hadoop-env.cmd          hdfs-site.xml

3.2.1.修改hadoop-env.sh配置

打开hadoop-env.sh配置文件，修改JDK环境变量

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vi hadoop-env.sh

默认的环境变量取系统环境变量${JAVA_HOME}，当然也可以自己修改成。

# The java implementation to use.
export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}

因为我本机配置过JDK环境变量，因此此处不做修改。

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.8.0_261

注意：我上面的示范太想当然了，这里必须配置jdk绝对路径，不然启动会报错。
正确的配置是按照如下修改：

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vi hadoop-env.sh 
# The java implementation to use.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.8.0_261

3.2.2.修改core-site.xml配置

首先打开core-site.xml配置文件

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vim core-site.xml

配置参数介绍：
fs.defaultFS ： 这个属性用来指定namenode的hdfs协议的文件系统通信地址，可以指定一个主机+端口，也可以指定为一个namenode服务（这个服务内部可以有多台namenode实现ha的namenode服务
hadoop.tmp.dir : hadoop集群在工作的时候存储的一些临时文件的目录

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>/usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

3.2.3.修改hdfs-site.xml配置

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vi hdfs-site.xml

dfs.namenode.name.dir：namenode数据的存放地点。也就是namenode元数据存放的地方，记录了hdfs系统中文件的元数据。
dfs.datanode.data.dir： datanode数据的存放地点。也就是block块存放的目录了。
dfs.replication：hdfs的副本数设置。也就是上传一个文件，其分割为block块后，每个block的冗余副本个数，默认配置是3。
dfs.secondary.http.address：secondarynamenode 运行节点的信息，和 namenode 不同节点

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
                <value>/usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name</value>
                <description>为了保证元数据的安全一般配置多个不同目录</description>
        </property>

        <property>
                <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
                <value>/usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/data</value>
                <description>datanode 的数据存储目录</description>
        </property>

        <property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>2</value>
                <description>HDFS 的数据块的副本存储个数, 默认是3</description>
        </property>

        <property>
                <name>dfs.secondary.http.address</name>
                <value>hadoop-slave1:50090</value>
                <description>secondarynamenode 运行节点的信息，和 namenode 不同节点</description>
        </property>
</configuration>

3.2.4.修改mapred-site.xml配置

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vi mapred-site.xml

mapreduce.framework.name：指定mr框架为yarn方式,Hadoop二代MP也基于资源管理系统Yarn来运行。

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
                <value>yarn</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

3.2.5.修改yarn-site.xml配置

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vi yarn-site.xml

yarn.resourcemanager.hostname：yarn总管理器的IPC通讯地址
yarn.nodemanager.aux-services：NodeManager上运行的附属服务。需配置成mapreduce_shuffle，才可运行MapReduce程序，默认””

<configuration>
<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->
        <property>
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
                <value>hadoop-master</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
                <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
                <description>YARN 集群为 MapReduce 程序提供的 shuffle 服务</description>
        </property>
</configuration>

3.2.6.修改slaves配置

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vi slaves

hadoop-master
hadoop-slave1
hadoop-slave2
hadoop-slave3

3.3 增加Hadoop环境变量

增加Hadoop环境变量

  1. 如果root用户进行安装。 vi /etc/profile
  2. 如果普通用户进行安装。 vi ~/.bashrc

将光标调整到文件尾部，并添加以下内容

export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:

更新配置文件，并查看hadoop版本

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# source /etc/profile
[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# hadoop version
Hadoop 2.7.3
Subversion https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop.git -r baa91f7c6bc9cb92be5982de4719c1c8af91ccff
Compiled by root on 2016-08-18T01:41Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 2e4ce5f957ea4db193bce3734ff29ff4
This command was run using /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.3.jar

3.4 将Hadoop主机复制

将Hadoop-Master克隆成三份：

Hadoop-Slave1
Hadoop-Slave2
Hadoop-Slave3

修改主机名：
Hadoop-Slave1主机名修改为：hadoop-slave1

[root@hadoop-master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop-slave1
[root@hadoop-master ~]# hostname
hadoop-slave1

Hadoop-Slave2主机名修改为：hadoop-slave2

[root@hadoop-master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop-slave2
[root@hadoop-master ~]# hostname
hadoop-slave2

Hadoop-Slave3主机名修改为：hadoop-slave3

[root@hadoop-master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop-slave3
[root@hadoop-master ~]# hostname
hadoop-slave3

并且在每一台的主机里添加ip地址：

[root@hadoop-master ~]# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.223.131 hadoop-master
192.168.223.128 hadoop-slave1
192.168.223.129 hadoop-slave2
192.168.223.130 hadoop-slave3

主机之间设置免密登录可以参考《CentOS7虚拟机之间设置免密登录》

3.5 Hadoop初始化

注意：HDFS初始化只能在主节点上进行

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# hadoop namenode -format

初始化结果：

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# hadoop namenode -format
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

20/08/08 13:23:37 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: 
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG:   host = hadoop-master/192.168.223.131
STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG:   version = 2.7.3
STARTUP_MSG:   classpath = /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jets3t-0.9.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpclient-4.2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpcore-4.2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/java-xmlbuilder-0.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.10.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/gson-2.2.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-kerberos-codec-2.0.0-M15.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-asn1-api-1.0.0-M20.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-util-1.0.0-M20.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-framework-2.7.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-client-2.7.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsch-0.1.42.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-recipes-2.7.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-math3-3.1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.3-tests.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-nfs-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-daemon-1.0.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-all-4.0.23.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xercesImpl-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xml-apis-1.3.04.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.3-tests.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-nfs-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6-tests.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-client-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-api-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-common-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-tests-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-client-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-sharedcachemanager-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-registry-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.3-tests.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar
STARTUP_MSG:   build = https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop.git -r baa91f7c6bc9cb92be5982de4719c1c8af91ccff; compiled by 'root' on 2016-08-18T01:41Z
STARTUP_MSG:   java = 1.8.0_261
************************************************************/
20/08/08 13:23:37 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
20/08/08 13:23:37 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format]
20/08/08 13:23:38 WARN common.Util: Path /usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
20/08/08 13:23:38 WARN common.Util: Path /usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
Formatting using clusterid: CID-fce3113f-05f1-4de1-bc28-6927ce8d03ca
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: No KeyProvider found.
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair:true
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-check=true
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.namenode.startup.delay.block.deletion.sec is set to 000:00:00:00.000
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: The block deletion will start around 2020 八月 08 13:23:38
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 19.3 MB
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^21 = 2097152 entries
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication         = 2
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication             = 512
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication             = 1
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams      = 2
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer        = false
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog          = 1000
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner             = root (auth:SIMPLE)
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup          = supergroup
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false
20/08/08 13:23:38 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 9.7 MB
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^20 = 1048576 entries
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: ACLs enabled? false
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: XAttrs enabled? true
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: Maximum size of an xattr: 16384
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^18 = 262144 entries
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension     = 30000
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.window.num.buckets = 10
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.num.users = 10
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.windows.minutes = 1,5,25
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.7 MB = 297.0 KB
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^15 = 32768 entries
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-1166270090-192.168.223.131-1596864219273
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name has been successfully formatted.
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Saving image file /usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 using no compression
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Image file /usr/local/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 351 bytes saved in 0 seconds.
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
20/08/08 13:23:39 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: 
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.223.131
************************************************************/

3.6 Hadoop启动

3.6.1 启动HDFS

启动HDFS，不管在集群哪个节点都可以

[root@hadoop-master ~]# start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop-master]
root@hadoop-master's password: 
hadoop-master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop-master.out
root@hadoop-master's password: 
hadoop-slave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop-slave1.out
hadoop-slave2: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop-slave2.out
hadoop-slave3: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop-slave3.out
hadoop-master: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop-master.out
Starting secondary namenodes [hadoop-slave1]
hadoop-slave1: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-hadoop-slave1.out
[root@hadoop-master ~]#

历尽艰难终于启动成功了，期间遇到了输入密码两次，刚开始不知道于是乎傻傻的等，然后杀进程，重复了好几次操作。下面介绍一个快速杀进程的命令：

ps -ef | grep hadoop | grep -v grep | cut -c 9-15 | xargs kill -s 9

3.6.2 启动YARN

注意：这个只能在主节点进行启动。

[root@hadoop-master ~]# start-yarn.sh
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-root-resourcemanager-hadoop-master.out
root@hadoop-master's password: 
hadoop-slave2: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-hadoop-slave2.out
hadoop-slave3: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-hadoop-slave3.out
hadoop-slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-hadoop-slave1.out
hadoop-master: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-hadoop-master.out
[root@hadoop-master ~]#

3.6.2 查看服务启动情况

hadoop-master

[root@hadoop-master ~]# jps
8737 Jps
8003 DataNode
8317 ResourceManager
7870 NameNode
8606 NodeManager

hadoop-slave1

[root@hadoop-slave1 hadoop]# jps
6055 NodeManager
5913 SecondaryNameNode
6185 Jps
5818 DataNode

hadoop-slave2

[root@hadoop-slave2 hadoop]# jps
4922 NodeManager
5068 Jps
4751 DataNode

hadoop-slave3

[root@hadoop-slave3 hadoop]# jps
5184 Jps
4868 DataNode
5038 NodeManager

4、启动HDFS和YARN的web管理页面

HDFS：http://192.168.223.131:50070
YARN：http://192.168.223.131:8088

这里我只看到了一个节点：
图1

网上查询原因，大意是：直接克隆的机器storageID一样，导致访问总是出现错误。
可以参考：hadoop集群通过web管理界面只显示一个节点，datanode只启动一个

但是，但是，但是我几乎试遍了所有的方式，耗时3个多小时都没有解决，几乎要放弃了，突然想到一个问题，我虚拟机的防火墙还开着，集群之间需要通信是否被防火墙所阻挡了？？？

尝试关闭虚拟机防火墙：

systemctl stop firewalld.service

然后奇迹出现了：
图2
看到这个结果，也不知道想哭还是想笑，以后一定要引以为戒。

5、Hadoop常用命令

1. start-all.sh
启动所有的Hadoop守护进程。包括NameNode、 Secondary NameNode、DataNode、JobTracker、 TaskTrack
2. stop-all.sh
停止所有的Hadoop守护进程。包括NameNode、 Secondary NameNode、DataNode、JobTracker、 TaskTrack
3. start-dfs.sh
启动Hadoop HDFS守护进程NameNode、SecondaryNameNode和DataNode
4. stop-dfs.sh
停止Hadoop HDFS守护进程NameNode、SecondaryNameNode和DataNode
5. hadoop-daemons.sh start namenode
单独启动NameNode守护进程
6. hadoop-daemons.sh stop namenode
单独停止NameNode守护进程
7. hadoop-daemons.sh start datanode
单独启动DataNode守护进程
8. hadoop-daemons.sh stop datanode
单独停止DataNode守护进程
9. hadoop-daemons.sh start secondarynamenode
单独启动SecondaryNameNode守护进程
10. hadoop-daemons.sh stop secondarynamenode
单独停止SecondaryNameNode守护进程
11. start-mapred.sh
启动Hadoop MapReduce守护进程JobTracker和TaskTracker
12. stop-mapred.sh
停止Hadoop MapReduce守护进程JobTracker和TaskTracker
13. hadoop-daemons.sh start jobtracker
单独启动JobTracker守护进程
14. hadoop-daemons.sh stop jobtracker
单独停止JobTracker守护进程
15. hadoop-daemons.sh start tasktracker
单独启动TaskTracker守护进程
16. hadoop-daemons.sh stop tasktracker
单独启动TaskTracker守护进程

5、Hadoop2.x 和 Hadoop3.x 默认端口对比

在这里插入图片描述

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