mysql级联查询

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1.查询一张表:






select * from 表名;



2.查询指定字段:


select 字段1,字段2,字段3….from 表名;



3.


where


条件查询:select


字段1,字段2,字段3 frome 表名 where 条件表达式;

例:select * from t_studect where id=1;



select * from t_student where age>22;






4.带


in


关键字查询:


select


字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]in(元素1,元素2);

例:


select * from t_student where age in (21,23);





select * from t_student where age not in (21,23);



5.带


between and


的范围查询:


select


字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]between 取值1 and 取值2;

例:select * frome t_student where age between 21 and 29;



select * frome t_student where age not between 21 and 29;






6.带


like


的模糊查询:


select


字段1,字段2… frome 表名 where 字段 [not] like ‘字符串’;

“%”代表任意字符;




“_”代表单个字符;

例:


select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘张三”;








select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘张三%”;










select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘%张三%”;//含有张三的任意字符





select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘张三_”






7.


空值


查询:


select


字段1,字段2…


frome 表名 where 字段  is[not] null;

8.带


and





多条件


查询:

select


字段1,字段2…


frome 表名 where 条件表达式1 and 条件表达式2 [and 条件表达式n]

例:


select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年级’ and age=23;






9.带


or


的多条件查询

select


字段1,字段2…


frome 表名 where 条件表达式1 or 条件表达式2 [or 条件表达式n]




例:


select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年级’ or age=23;//或者,条件只要满足一个



10.


distinct


去重复查询:select distinct 字段名 from 表名;



11.对查询结果排序


order by


:select 字段1,字段2…from 表名 order by 属性名 [asc|desc]

例:


select * frome t_student order by age desc;//降序,从大到小





select * frome t_student order by age asc;//升序,asc默认可以不写






12.分组查询


group by



group by 属性名 [having 条件表达式][with rollup]

1.单独使用(毫无意义,不能单独使用);



2.与group_concat()函数一起使用;

例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;




3.与聚合函数一起使用;

例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;







4.与having一起使用(显示输出的结果);

例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName having count(stuName)>3


;




5.与with rollup 一起使用(最后加入一个总和行);

例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName with rollup;








13.limit 分页查询:select 字段1,字段2,…from 表名 limit 初始位置,记录数;

例子:select * from t_student limit 0,5;

















多表连接查询



表一:t_book


表二:t_bookType


表三:t_priceLevel



select * from t_book,t_bookType;


1.内连接查询(两张或以上的表连接起来查询需要的数据)

根据表一的bookTypeId查询出所有bookTypeName
select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;



查询某几个字段:
select bookNme,author from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;


2.外连接查询(


两张或以上的表连接起来


查询某张表的信息)



3.左连接查询
select * from t_book


left


join


t_bookType


on


t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
如下图:表一(左边表)t_book的数据全部查出 表二没有的字段用null代替


4.右连接查询
select * from t_book


right


join


t_bookType


on


t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
查出表二(右边表)的所有信息,表一没有的用null代替


5.多条件连接查询
select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id


and


t_book.price>70;






子查询


1.带


in


关键字的子查询(一个查询语句的条件可能落在另一个select语句的查询结果中)
select * from t_book where bookType


in


(select id from t_bookType);
select * from t_book where bookType


not


in


(select id from t_bookType);
2.带比较运算符的子查询(子查询可以使用比较运算符)
select * from t_book where price


>=


(select price from t_priceLevel where priceLevel=1);
3.带exists关键字的子查询(加入子查询查询到记录,则进行外层查询,否则,不执行外层查询)
select * from t_book where


exists


(select * from t_booktype);
select * from t_book where


not exists


(select * from t_booktype);
4.带any关键字的子查询(any关键字表示满足其中任一条件)

select * from t_book where price


>=

any


(select price from t_priceLevel);
5.带all关键字的子查询(all关键字表示满足所有条件)

select * from t_book where price


>=

all


(select price from t_priceLevel);









合并查询


1.union
使用union关键字是,数据库系统会将所有的查询结果合并到一起,然后去掉相同的记录;
select id from t_book


union


select id from t_bookType;
2.union all
使用union all,不会去除掉重复的记录;

select id from t_book


union all


select id from t_bookType;

转载:https://blog.csdn.net/gaoweizang/article/details/52859449