ShutdownHook – 优雅地停止服务

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一什么是ShutdownHook

Runtimejava中相关方法源码

ApplicationShutdownHooksjava

二java进程平滑退出的意义

三java进程平滑退出的思路

四如何屏敝第三方组件的ShutdownHook

五实现服务的平滑退出

1 Http请求

2 dubbo请求

3 RabbitMQ消费

4 Quartz任务

六为何重启时有时会有ClassNotFoundException

一、什么是ShutdownHook?

在Java程序中可以通过添加关闭钩子,实现在程序退出时关闭资源、平滑退出的功能。

使用Runtime.addShutdownHook(Thread hook)方法,可以注册一个JVM关闭的钩子,这个钩子可以在以下几种场景被调用:

1. 程序正常退出

2. 使用System.exit()

3. 终端使用Ctrl+C触发的中断

4. 系统关闭

5. 使用Kill pid命令干掉进程

Runtime.java中相关方法源码

public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook) {


SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();

if (sm != null) {


sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission(“shutdownHooks”));

}

ApplicationShutdownHooks.add(hook);

}

public boolean removeShutdownHook(Thread hook) {


SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();

if (sm != null) {


sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission(“shutdownHooks”));

}

return ApplicationShutdownHooks.remove(hook);

}

ApplicationShutdownHooks.java

class ApplicationShutdownHooks {


/* The set of registered hooks */

private static IdentityHashMap<Thread, Thread> hooks;

static {


try {


Shutdown.add(1 /* shutdown hook invocation order */,

false /* not registered if shutdown in progress */,

new Runnable() {


public void run() {


runHooks();

}

}

);

hooks = new IdentityHashMap<>();

} catch (IllegalStateException e) {


// application shutdown hooks cannot be added if

// shutdown is in progress.

hooks = null;

}

}


private ApplicationShutdownHooks() {}

/* Add a new shutdown hook.  Checks the shutdown state and the hook itself,

* but does not do any security checks.

*/

static synchronized void add(Thread hook) {


if(hooks == null)

throw new IllegalStateException(“Shutdown in progress”);

if (hook.isAlive())

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Hook already running”);

if (hooks.containsKey(hook))

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Hook previously registered”);

hooks.put(hook, hook);

}

/* Remove a previously-registered hook.  Like the add method, this method

* does not do any security checks.

*/

static synchronized boolean remove(Thread hook) {


if(hooks == null)

throw new IllegalStateException(“Shutdown in progress”);

if (hook == null)

throw new NullPointerException();

return hooks.remove(hook) != null;

}

/* Iterates over all application hooks creating a new thread for each

* to run in. Hooks are run concurrently and this method waits for

* them to finish.

*/

static void runHooks() {


Collection<Thread> threads;

synchronized(ApplicationShutdownHooks.class) {


threads = hooks.keySet();

hooks = null;

}

for (Thread hook : threads) {


hook.start();

}

for (Thread hook : threads) {


try {


hook.join();

} catch (InterruptedException x) { }

}

}

}

二、java进程平滑退出的意义

很多时候,我们会有这样的一些场景,比如说nginx反向代理若干个负载均衡的web容器,又或者微服务架构中存在的若干个服务节点,需要进行无间断的升级发布。

在重启服务的时候,除非我们去变更nginx的配置,否则重启很可能会导致正在执行的线程突然中断,本来应该要完成的事情只完成了一半,并且调用方出现错误警告。

如果能有一种简单的方式,能够让进程在退出时能执行完当前正在执行的任务,并且让服务的调用方将新的请求定向到其他负载节点,这将会很有意义。

自己注册ShutdownHook可以帮助我们实现java进程的平滑退出。

三、java进程平滑退出的思路

在服务启动时注册自己的ShutdownHook

ShutdownHook在被运行时,首先不接收新的请求,或者告诉调用方重定向到其他节点

等待当前的执行线程运行完毕,如果五秒后仍在运行,则强制退出

四、如何屏敝第三方组件的ShutdownHook

我们会发现,有一些第三方组件在代码中注册了关闭自身资源的ShutdownHook,这些ShutdownHook对于我们的平滑退出有时候起了反作用。

比如dubbo,在static方法块里面注册了自己的关闭钩子,完全不可控。在进程退出时直接就把长连接给断开了,导致当前的执行线程无法正常完成,源码如下:

static {


Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() {


public void run() {


if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {


logger.info(“Run shutdown hook now.”);

}

ProtocolConfig.destroyAll();

}

}, “DubboShutdownHook”));

}

从Runtime.java和ApplicationShutdownHooks.java的源码中,我们看到并没有一个可以遍历操作shutdownHook的方法。

Runtime.java仅有的一个removeShutdownHook的方法,对于未写线程名的匿名类来说,无法获取对象的引用,也无法分辨出彼此。

ApplicationShutdownHooks.java不是public的,类中的hooks也是private的。

只有通过反射的方式才能获取并控制它们。定义ExcludeIdentityHashMap类来帮助我们阻止非自己的ShutdownHook注入

class ExcludeIdentityHashMap<K,V> extends IdentityHashMap<K,V> {

public V put(K key, V value) {


if (key instanceof Thread) {


Thread thread = (Thread) key;

if (!thread.getName().startsWith(“My-“)) {


return value;

}

}

return super.put(key, value);

}

}

通过反射的方式注入自己的ShutdownHook并清除其他Thread

String className = “java.lang.ApplicationShutdownHooks”;

Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);

Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(“hooks”);

field.setAccessible(true);

Thread shutdownThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {


@Override

public void run() {


// TODO

}

});

shutdownThread.setName(“My-WebShutdownThread”);

IdentityHashMap<Thread, Thread> excludeIdentityHashMap = new ExcludeIdentityHashMap<>();

excludeIdentityHashMap.put(shutdownThread, shutdownThread);

synchronized (clazz) {


IdentityHashMap<Thread, Thread> map = (IdentityHashMap<Thread, Thread>) field.get(clazz);

for (Thread thread : map.keySet()) {


Log.info(“found shutdownHook: ” + thread.getName());

excludeIdentityHashMap.put(thread, thread);

}

field.set(clazz, excludeIdentityHashMap);

}

五、实现服务的平滑退出

对于一般的微服务来说,有这几种任务的入口:Http请求、dubbo请求、RabbitMQ消费、Quartz任务

5.1 Http请求

测试发现Jetty容器在stop的时候不能实现平滑退出,springboot默认使用的tomcat容器可以,以下是部分代码示例:

EmbeddedWebApplicationContext embeddedWebApplicationContext = (EmbeddedWebApplicationContext) applicationContext;

EmbeddedServletContainer embeddedServletContainer = embeddedWebApplicationContext.getEmbeddedServletContainer();

if (embeddedServletContainer instanceof TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer) {


Connector[] connectors = tomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.getTomcat().getService().findConnectors();

for (Connector connector : connectors) {


connector.pause();

}

for (Connector connector : connectors) {


Executor executor = connector.getProtocolHandler().getExecutor();

if (executor instanceof ThreadPoolExecutor) {


try {


ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) executor;

threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();

if (!threadPoolExecutor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {


log.warn(“Tomcat thread pool did not shutdown gracefully within 5 seconds. Proceeding with forceful shutdown”);

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {


log.warn(“TomcatShutdownHook interrupted”, e);

}

}

}

}

5.2 dubbo请求

尝试了许多次,看了相关的源码,dubbo不支持平滑退出;解决方法只有一个,那就是修改dubbo的源码,以下两个地址有详细介绍:

http://frankfan915.iteye.com/blog/2254097

https://my.oschina.net/u/1398931/blog/790709

5.3 RabbitMQ消费

以下是SpringBoot的示例,不使用Spring原理也是一样的

RabbitListenerEndpointRegistry rabbitListenerEndpointRegistry = applicationContext.getBean(

RabbitListenerConfigUtils.RABBIT_LISTENER_ENDPOINT_REGISTRY_BEAN_NAME,

RabbitListenerEndpointRegistry.class);

Collection<MessageListenerContainer> containers = rabbitListenerEndpointRegistry.getListenerContainers();

for (MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer : containers) {


messageListenerContainer.stop();

}

5.4 Quartz任务

quartz也比较简单

Scheduler scheduler = applicationContext.getBean(Scheduler.class);

scheduler.shutdown(true);

六、为何重启时有时会有ClassNotFoundException

springboot通过java -jar example.jar的方式启动项目,在使用脚本restart的时候,首先覆盖旧的jar包,然后stop旧线程,启动新线程,这样就可能会出现此问题。因为在stop的时候,ShutdownHook线程被唤醒,在其执行过程中,某些类(尤其是匿名类)还未加载,这时候就会通知ClassLoader去加载;ClassLoader持有的是旧jar包的文件句柄,虽然新旧jar包的名字路径完全一样,但是ClassLoader仍然是使用open着的旧jar包文件,文件已经找不到了,所以类加载不了就ClassNotFound了。

如何解决呢?也许有更优雅的方式,但是我没有找到;但是我们可以简单地把顺序调整一下,先stop、再copy覆盖、最后start,这样就OK了。