linux添加新磁盘和创建分区

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linux添加新磁盘和创建分区

Linux磁盘概念及其管理工具fdisk：

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134664.htm

一、

进入linux虚拟机右键 open in terminal

su 输入密码切换为root用户

fdisk -l 查看磁盘情况

我的目前只有sda一个磁盘

添加sdb磁盘：关机，菜单栏中找到虚拟机—设置，点击硬盘—添加，按步骤走就可以了，启动虚拟机，就有sdb了

二、

虽然硬盘分区表中最多能存储四个分区，但我们实际使用时一般只分为两个分区，一个是主分区（Primary Partion）一个是扩展分区(extended partition)两种，主分区可以马上被使用但不能再分区，扩展分区必须再进行分区后才能使用，也就是说它必须还要进行二次分区。那么由扩充分区再分下去的是什么呢？它就是逻辑分区（Logical Partion），况且逻辑分区没有数量上限制。对习惯于使用Dos或Windows的朋友来说，有几个分区就有几个驱动器，并且每个分区都会获得一个字母标识符，然后就可以选用这个字母来指定在这个分区上的文件和目录，它们的文件结构都是独立的，非常好理解。

但是初上手Red Hat Linux吗，可就有点恼人了。因为对Linux用户来说无论有几个分区，分给哪一目录使用，它归根结底就只有一个根目录，一个独立且唯一的文件结构。Red Hat Linux中每个分区都是用来组成整个文件系统的一部分，因为它采用了一种叫“挂载点”的处理方法，它的整个文件系统中包含了一整套的文件和目录，且将一个分区和一个目录联系起来。这时要载入的一个分区将使它的存储空间在一个目录下获得。

1、 fdisk -l 查看磁盘情况

这里写图片描述

2、下面对/dev/sdb 进行分区：

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1949791c.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m                //输入m查看帮助文档
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition              //添加一个新的分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

#fdisk选中/dev/sdb 输入m所有基本选项都出现，输入n新建分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended     //扩展分区
   p   primary partition (1-4)    //主分区

3、有扩展分区和主分区，逻辑分区在扩展分区中建立。注意到括号中的1-4，最多只能建四个主分区（包括扩展分区）。先建一个主分区：

 #继续上面的操作
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended    //扩展分区
   p   primary partition (1-4)  //主分区

p   #输入p创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1   #分区号为1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):   #直接回车默认从第一个柱面开始划分
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G
#加空间大小，这里有很多种选择：+后面单位可以接M，G，K（记得要大写）表示划分你所加的空间，也可以是柱面数。不管怎样都不能超过该磁盘剩余的空间否则无效。

Command (m for help): p    #分好后查看分区信息，刚所做的所有一目了然。

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1949791c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux

4、同上所述建立扩展分区：

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 4
First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): 
Using default value 263
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +4G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1949791c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             263         785     4200997+   5  Extended

5、扩展分区建好就可以在扩展分区建立逻辑分区了

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l   #创建逻辑分区
First cylinder (263-785, default 263): 
Using default value 263
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-785, default 785): +2G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1949791c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             263         785     4200997+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             263         524     2104483+  83  Linux

6、上面显示已经建好一个主分区，一个逻辑分区，但是这些现在还没有生效，需要保存退出。

Command (m for help): w  #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

7、退出后查看：

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00053377

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              39        2358    18631680   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2358        2611     2031616   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1949791c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             263         785     4200997+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             263         524     2104483+  83  Linux

8、这时需要给它设置文件系统并进行格式化。

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb5

给它设置ext3的文件系统，并格式化。

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131648 inodes, 526120 blocks
26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

9、在新建个目录，mkdir /data15 ;

用来挂载这个分区。mount /dev/sdb5 /data15 ;

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir /data15;
[root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/sdb5 /data15;

10、查看是否挂载成功：df -TH /data15/

[root@localhost Desktop]# df -TH /data15/
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb5      ext3  2.2G   71M  2.0G   4% /data15

11、这样就可以正常使用了。可是重启之后又要手动挂载怎么办？

很简单，我们只要配置一下就OK了。

vim /etc/fstab

编辑文件将/dev/sdb5 /data15 ext3 defaults 0 0加入即可

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Oct 24 02:05:13 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=147a6e0f-8fa6-4bb5-a27a-91aaa7cf178f /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=410da4b5-ac87-43e3-ab4a-b33df31e38cf /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=d0c4ed83-d5d3-4245-af14-1434f4b3438f swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb5 /data15 ext3 defaults 0 0
~                                                                               
~                                                                               
~                                                                               
~                                                                               
"/etc/fstab" 16L, 841C

【o】英文小写字母o，在目前光标所在行的下一行处插入新的一行并开始插入

【O】英文大写字母O，在目前光标所在行的上一行处插入新的一行并开始插入

:wq保存退出

11、查看

[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /data*
/data15:
lost+found

重复以上操作，对sdb1进行挂载

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131648 inodes, 526120 blocks
26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.


[root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data5


[root@localhost Desktop]# df -TH /data5/
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1      ext3  2.2G   71M  2.0G   4% /data5
[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /data*
/data15:
lost+found

/data5:
lost+found
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2        18G  4.0G   13G  24% /
tmpfs           491M  372K  491M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       291M   34M  242M  13% /boot
/dev/sdb5       2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /data15
/dev/sdb1       2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /data5

同上，又创建了一个逻辑分区

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (525-785, default 525): 
Using default value 525
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 4G
Value out of range.
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 3G
Value out of range.
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 1G
Value out of range.
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 
Using default value 785

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1949791c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             263         785     4200997+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             263         524     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb6             525         785     2096451   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

附：1.

linux下分区大小调整

2.

linux创建逻辑卷及扩展

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