【java】井字游戏——逐步进阶

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  • Post category:java




井字游戏

首先分解任务:

1.如何来显示井字棋的棋盘

2.创建一个3X3的矩阵(chessPiece)来实时记录两个棋手的走棋

3.对异常情况的捕获,用户的输入可能存在哪些不合法的情况

4.怎样判断最终是谁赢了,或者平局

嗯,这只是一个从逻辑上的划分,在写代码时有些功能可能可以在同一个方法模块里实现,也有可能要继续细分——一个功能需要多个方法协同完成。

1.关于如何来显示棋盘,需要记录落子的那个矩阵chessPiece来配合。两个嵌套的循环三次的循环(在遍历到最后一次时需加上一个额外的横向分隔/纵向分隔),在遍历时,同时配合chessPiece来确定棋盘的各个位置上该是‘O’还是‘X’,或者就是空的。

在这里插入图片描述

2.关于chessPiece。指定一个位置,若无人落子,则对应下标的元素为0,;若执X选手落子其上,则对应元素为-1;若执O选手落子其上,对应元素为1

3.关于异常。我总结有二:1)用户在已经落子的位置上再落一子;2)用户输入的位置不合法。

4.关于裁定输赢。若某一行或某一列或某一对角线上全为‘O’或者全为‘X’,则为执O选手获胜或执X选手获胜。当棋盘落满子也未出现上面的情况时,平局。

chessPiece是贯穿整个程序的一个“线索”。

运行结果(局部):

在这里插入图片描述

一些细节的梳理还是难以用自然的语言表达。

完整代码:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Ticktacktoe {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
		char answer = 'y';
		while(answer == 'y') {
			int[][] chessPiece = new int[3][3];
			int step = 0;
			while(whoWin(chessPiece) == 0 && step != 9) {
				chessBoard(chessPiece);
				if(step % 2 != 0) {
					System.out.print("Enter a row (1, 2, or 3) for player X:");
					int row = input.nextInt() - 1;
					System.out.print("Enter a column (1, 2, or 3) for player X:");
					int column = input.nextInt() - 1;
					int judge = isLegal(row, column, chessPiece);
					if(judge == -1) {
						System.out.println("You input a wrong place, please input a right one!");
						continue;
					}
					else if(judge == 0)
						chessPiece[row][column] = -1;
					else {
						System.out.println("This site has been taken up!");
						System.out.println("Please put your chess at another place!");
						continue;
					}
				}
				else {
					System.out.print("Enter a row (1, 2, or 3) for player O:");
					int row = input.nextInt() - 1;
					System.out.print("Enter a column (1, 2, or 3) for player O:");
					int column = input.nextInt() - 1;
					int judge = isLegal(row, column, chessPiece);
					if(judge == -1) {
						System.out.println("You input a wrong place, please input a right one!");
						continue;
					}
					else if(judge == 0)
						chessPiece[row][column] = 1;
					else {
						System.out.println("This site has been taken up!");
						System.out.println("Please put your chess at another place!");
						continue;
					}
				}
				step++;
			}
			chessBoard(chessPiece);
			if(step == 9)
				System.out.println("You were neck and neck!");
			else if(whoWin(chessPiece) == -1)
				System.out.println("X player won");
			else
				System.out.println("O player won");
			System.out.print("Do you want another ticktacktoe? Enter y or n:");
			String answer_string = input.next();
			answer = answer_string.charAt(0);
		}
		System.out.println("Why not have another ticktacktoe?");
	}

	public static void chessBoard(int[][] chessPiece) {
		for(int i = 0 ; i < 3; i++) {
			System.out.printf("-------------------\n");
			for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				System.out.printf("|  %c  ", chessTranslation(chessPiece[i][j]));
				if(j == 2)
					System.out.printf("|");
			}
			System.out.printf("\n");
			if(i == 2)
				System.out.printf("-------------------\n");
		}
	}
	
	public static char chessTranslation(int location){
		if(location == -1)
			return 'X';
		else if(location == 1)
			return 'O';
		else
			return ' ';
	}
	
	public static int whoWin(int[][] cB) {
		int result = 0;
		if(cB[0][0] + cB[1][1] + cB[2][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[0][0] + cB[1][1] + cB[2][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(cB[0][2] + cB[1][1] + cB[2][0] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[0][2] + cB[1][1] + cB[2][0] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(cB[0][0] + cB[0][1] + cB[0][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[0][0] + cB[0][1] + cB[0][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(cB[1][0] + cB[1][1] + cB[1][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[1][0] + cB[1][1] + cB[1][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(cB[2][0] + cB[2][1] + cB[2][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[2][0] + cB[2][1] + cB[2][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(cB[0][0] + cB[1][0] + cB[2][0] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[0][0] + cB[1][0] + cB[2][0] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(cB[0][1] + cB[1][1] + cB[2][1] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[0][1] + cB[1][1] + cB[2][1] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(cB[0][2] + cB[1][2] + cB[2][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(cB[0][2] + cB[1][2] + cB[2][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else
			result = 0;
		
		return result;
	}
	
	public static int isLegal(int row, int column, int[][] cB) {
		if(row > 2 || row < 0 || column > 2 || column < 0)
			return -1;
		else if(cB[row][column] == 0)
			return 0;
		else
			return 1;
	}
}

没想到会超过100行。。。






用类来重写

最近学了类,我想用类来重写这个程序。这个程序在现实中的映射涉及三个对象:


棋盘,执X选手,执O选手


不过所谓的下棋者,不过是对棋盘进行了一系列的操作,故只需要一个棋盘类就够了。

棋盘类:


public class ChessboardObject {
	private int[][] board = new int[3][3];
	
	public ChessboardObject() {
	}
	
	/*
	 ** 鉴于这个棋盘类的数据域只有一个二维数组且创建时并无特殊要求,
	 ** 故不设置带参数的构造方法
	 */
	
	/**判断当前位置是否还未落子*/
	public boolean isEmpty(int row, int column) {
		if(this.board[row][column] == 0)
			return true;
		else
			return false;
	}
	
	/**落子操作*/
	public int move(int row, int column, int step) {
		/*
		 ** step为偶数时,执X选手落子;step为奇数时,执O选手落子(step从0开始计数)
		 ** 当board[row][column]为0时,当前位置为空;
		 ** 当board[row][column]为1时,当前位置落X;
		 ** 当board[row][column]为-1时,当前位置落O
		 */
		boolean flag = this.isEmpty(row, column);
		if(flag) {
			if(step % 2 == 0) {
				this.board[row][column] = 1;
			}
			else {
				this.board[row][column] = -1;
			}
			step++;
		}
		else
			System.out.println("该位置不可落子!");
		return step;
	}
	
	/**可视化转换器*/
	public char translation(int location){
		if(location == 1)
			return 'X';
		else if(location == -1)
			return 'O';
		else
			return ' ';
	}
	
	/**打印棋局*/
	public void printBoard() {
		int chess;
		for(int i = 0 ; i < 3; i++) {
			System.out.printf("-------------------\n");
			for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				chess = this.board[i][j];
				System.out.printf("|  %c  ", translation(chess));
				if(j == 2)
					System.out.printf("|");
			}
			System.out.printf("\n");
			if(i == 2)
				System.out.printf("-------------------\n");
		}
	}
	
	/**判断输赢*/
	public int whoWin() {
		/*
		 ** 当board的某一行/某一列/某一对角线上的元素之和为3时,执X选手获胜;
		 ** 当board的某一行/某一列/某一对角线上的元素之和为-3时,执O选手获胜;
		 ** 否则,还未决出胜负
		 */
		int result = 0;
		if(this.board[0][0] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[2][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[0][0] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[2][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(this.board[0][2] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[2][0] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[0][2] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[2][0] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(this.board[0][0] + this.board[0][1] + this.board[0][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[0][0] + this.board[0][1] + this.board[0][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(this.board[1][0] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[1][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[1][0] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[1][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(this.board[2][0] + this.board[2][1] + this.board[2][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[2][0] + this.board[2][1] + this.board[2][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(this.board[0][0] + this.board[1][0] + this.board[2][0] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[0][0] + this.board[1][0] + this.board[2][0] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(this.board[0][1] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[2][1] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[0][1] + this.board[1][1] + this.board[2][1] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else if(this.board[0][2] + this.board[1][2] + this.board[2][2] == 3)
			result = 1;
		else if(this.board[0][2] + this.board[1][2] + this.board[2][2] == -3)
			result = -1;
		else
			result = 0;
		
		return result;
	}
}

主函数:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class TestTicktacktoe {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
		
		char answer = 'y';
		while(answer == 'y') {
			ChessboardObject ticktacktoe = new ChessboardObject();
			int step = 0;
			while(ticktacktoe.whoWin() == 0 && step != 9) {
				ticktacktoe.printBoard();
				if(step %2 == 0)
					System.out.println("现在是执X选手的回合:");
				else
					System.out.println("现在是执O选手的回合:");
				System.out.print("请输入行坐标(1,2,3)> ");
				int row = input.nextInt() - 1;
				System.out.print("请输入列坐标(1,2,3)> ");
				int column = input.nextInt() - 1;
				if(isLegal(row, column))
					step = ticktacktoe.move(row, column, step);
				else
					System.out.println("指定的位置无效!");
			}
			ticktacktoe.printBoard();
			if(step == 9)
				System.out.println("棋逢对手!");
			else if(ticktacktoe.whoWin() == 1)
				System.out.println("执X选手获胜!");
			else
				System.out.println("执O选手获胜!");
			System.out.print("您还想来一局井字棋游戏吗?\n" 
				+ "y or n > ");
			String answer_string = input.next();
			answer = answer_string.charAt(0);
		}
	}
	
	/**判断输入的位置是否越界*/
	public static boolean isLegal(int row, int column) {
		if(row > 2 || row < 0 || column > 2 || column < 0)
			return false;
		else
			return true;
	}
}



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