Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version
docker info 显示docker的系统信息包括镜像和容器数量
docker 命令 --help
镜像命令
docker images
可选项：
Options:
-a Show all images
-q Only show image IDs
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker images --all
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
openjdk 11.0.9.1 1eec9f9fe101 10 months ago 628MB
jdk11-gisuni latest b243476ec00c 17 months ago 700MB
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker images -aq
feb5d9fea6a5
1eec9f9fe101
b243476ec00c
docker search 搜索镜像
https://hub.docker.com/
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11712 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4466 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 870 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #不指定版本默认下载最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Pull complete
b76a7eb51ffd: Pull complete
258223f927e4: Pull complete
2d2c75386df9: Pull complete
63e92e4046c9: Pull complete
f5845c731544: Pull complete
bd0401123a9b: Pull complete
3ef07ec35f1a: Pull complete
c93a31315089: Pull complete
3349ed800d44: Pull complete
6d01857ca4c1: Pull complete
4cc13890eda8: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:aeecae58035f3868bf4f00e5fc623630d8b438db9d05f4d8c6538deb14d4c31b #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
docker pull mysql《==》docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) 删除全部镜像
容器命令
有了镜像才能创建容器，下载一个centos镜像进行测试
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name 容器名字
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行 进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080(外网端口：容器端口)
#启动并进入容器
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@73e1cd7aa4c6 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
退出：exit
列出所有容器
docker ps
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b2ab6be70497 jdk11-gisuni "/bin/bash ./app/bin…" 8 months ago Up 18 hours worker
e06dd894ee61 jdk11-gisuni "/bin/bash ./app/bin…" 8 months ago Up 18 hours data-transport
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
73e1cd7aa4c6 centos "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago reverent_edison
a5e0849026df hello-world "/hello" 18 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago jolly_margulis
b2ab6be70497 jdk11-gisuni "/bin/bash ./app/bin…" 8 months ago Up 18 hours worker
e06dd894ee61 jdk11-gisuni "/bin/bash ./app/bin…" 8 months ago Up 18 hours data-transport
启动和停止
docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id
其它常用命令
进入当前正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
17190aa0f2a9 centos "/bin/bash" 35 seconds ago Up 35 seconds musing_solomon
e06dd894ee61 jdk11-gisuni "/bin/bash ./app/bin…" 8 months ago Up 18 hours data-transport
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker exec -it 17190aa0f2a9 /bin/bash
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]#
#方式二：
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
17190aa0f2a9 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes musing_solomon
e06dd894ee61 jdk11-gisuni "/bin/bash ./app/bin…" 8 months ago Up 18 hours data-transport
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker attach 17190aa0f2a9
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]#
方式一会新起一个终端，方式二不会，如果是执行命令方式二直接进入的是命令
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker attach 17190aa0f2a9
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]# touch test.scala
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys test.scala tmp usr var
[root@17190aa0f2a9 /]# exit
exit
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
17190aa0f2a9 centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (127) 17 seconds ago musing_solomon
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker cp 17190aa0f2a9:/test.scala ~/
[root@vm088141 ~]# ls
test.scala zookeeper.out
测试安装过nginx
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 15844 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2096 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 819 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 279
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 160
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 145 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 143 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 110 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 78 [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 60 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 57
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 54
staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 25 [OK]
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 25
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 22
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 16
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
bitwarden/nginx The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r… 11
flashspys/nginx-static Super Lightweight Nginx Image 11 [OK]
webdevops/nginx Nginx container 9 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 3 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
eff15d958d66: Pull complete
1e5351450a59: Pull complete
2df63e6ce2be: Pull complete
9171c7ae368c: Pull complete
020f975acd28: Pull complete
266f639b35ad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ea335eea17ab 6 days ago 141MB
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 8899:80 nginx
78c6c0d1a115369f855cccdef44dfc4fbfb9e0220e4fad7ee6ca02dc61f5aee3
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
78c6c0d1a115 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8899->80/tcp, :::8899->80/tcp nginx01
e06dd894ee61 jdk11-gisuni "/bin/bash ./app/bin…" 8 months ago Up 18 hours data-transport
[root@vm088141 ~]# curl localhost:8899
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@vm088141 ~]#
查询资源消耗
docker stats 容器id
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker stats 6d1783944b42
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
6d1783944b42 hardcore_thompson 0.00% 9.652MiB / 31.26GiB 0.03% 308kB / 4.6MB 0B / 3.54MB 17
可视化
>portainer
docker run -d -p 8088:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
http://192.168.88.141:8088/#/init/admin
>Rancher
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