##What Is College Writing?
- The purpose of college writing is to teach critical thinking skills.
- College writing is expository writing.
- Expository writing focuses on information and the manipulation of that information.
College courses demand many different kinds of writing that employ a variety of strategies for different audiences. You may be required to write long essays or short answers in response to examination questions. You may be asked to keep a journal, write a lab report, and document the process you use to perform research. You may be called upon to create a design document, write a business report or plan, and report on the results of research. These are only some of the many types of writing you may engage in throughout your college career.
College writing, also called academic writing, is assigned to teach you the critical thinking and writing skills needed to communicate in courses and in the workplace. To acquire and practice these skills, you are asked to write many different types of assignments under different circumstances. Sometimes your instructor will assign a topic and define the audience; sometimes you will have to define and limit the topic and audience yourself. In any case, college writing teaches you about the series of decisions you must make as you forge the link between your information and your audience.
For example, you must decide what sources of information you will use, how you will interpret this information, how you will organize your ideas, and what words and strategies you will use to explain your ideas. Your college writing experience will teach you about the writing process and about writing for particular disciplines, such as those in the liberal arts and business management specializations. College writing offers you the opportunity to learn many different strategies for approaching writing tasks so that you may communicate how much you know and understand about a subject to a particular audience, usually your classmates or your instructor.
The expository nature of college writing, with its emphasis on the knowledge you gain in your college courses and through research, makes such writing different from your previous writing and perhaps more challenging. Instructors may expect your essays to contain more research, show more awareness of differing points of view, and even reflect more sophisticated expository techniques, such as argument and persuasion. The main sources of the content of your college writing will be assigned textbook readings, library books and articles, your experience, and even field studies you might have designed. You will often use the skills you learn in college writing throughout your career.
什么是大学写作？
(英文阅读的基础，私以为是写作，只有在了解了写作的原则后才能在阅读中领会作者的手法和想表达的思路，不能根据一些默认约定的思路去理解作者，这样会导致理解偏差，一个优秀的阅读者，我窃认为应该本身是一个优秀的写作者，只有和作者处于同一频道才能接收到作者想传达的信息)
大学课程要求许多不同种类的写作，它们针对不同的受众采用多种策略。可能需要您写长论文或简短答案来回答考试题。可能会要求您保留日记，编写实验室报告并记录用于执行研究的过程。可能会要求您创建设计文档，编写业务报告或计划并报告研究结果。这些只是您整个大学生涯中可能从事的多种写作中的一部分。
大学写作，也称为学术写作，被指派教给您在课程和工作场所进行交流所必需的批判性思维和写作技巧。为了获得和练习这些技能，要求您在不同的情况下编写许多不同类型的作业。有时，您的老师会分配一个主题并定义目标对象；有时您必须自己定义和限制主题和受众。无论如何，大学写作会教您如何在建立信息与受众之间的联系时必须做出的一系列决策。
例如，您必须决定将使用哪些信息源，如何解释该信息，如何组织您的想法以及将使用哪些词语和策略来解释您的想法。您的大学写作经验将教您写作过程以及特定学科的写作，例如文科和商业管理专业。大学写作为您提供了学习处理写作任务的许多不同策略的机会，以便您可以向特定的受众群体（通常是您的同学或老师）传达您对某个主题的了解和了解的程度。
大学写作的解释性性质，它着重于您在大学课程中和通过研究获得的知识，使得这种写作与以前的写作有所不同，并且可能更具挑战性。讲师可能希望您的论文包含更多的研究成果，对不同的观点有更多的了解，甚至反映出更复杂的说明技术，例如论点和说服力。大学写作内容的主要来源将分配给课本阅读，图书馆书籍和文章，您的经验，甚至是您可能设计的实地研究。在整个职业生涯中，您通常会使用在大学写作中学习的技能。
##How Does College Writing Differ from Workplace Writing?
Just as college writing is specific to your mission as you earn your academic degree, workplace writing is specific to the needs of your job. Most of the time, however, the specific format and content of workplace writing have already been established by others. You may use templates, or documents already set up with the correct format and subject headings. As a writer, your role may be one of information gatherer, and, in some instances, you may never write an entire document on your own.
One of the major differences between workplace writing and college writing is reflected in the expectations of those who assign the writing. In the workplace, the emphasis is on producing a written product. In college writing, the emphasis is on writing to think, writing to learn, and writing to demonstrate learning. For example, at work, you may be expected to write a memo to employees to explain a procedural change. In a college assignment, you may be expected to understand the process of creating a memo, to clearly explain the new policy, and to demonstrate reader-centered writing techniques in writing the memo.
Your workplace writing may also differ from college writing in the number of abstract ideas it contains and in the ways that you as a writer are expected to work with them. In general, workplace writing conveys information and is predetermined in purpose and form, whereas academic writing shows knowledge and understanding of both content and process. Workplace writing tends to be pragmatic—oriented toward completing a work-related task—whereas college writing enables you to explore new avenues of thought.
Although the expectations differ, both the workplace and college offer you many opportunities to write to different audiences and to adopt different styles, depending on your assignments. As a manager in business and as a college student, for example, you may write letters, memos, performance evaluations, status reports, financial reviews, feasibility studies, proposals, and many other types of documents. However, you may never write anything in the workplace like the thesis you write to complete your master of business administration degree.
大学写作与职场写作有何不同？
正如大学写作是您获得学历时的任务所特有的，工作场所写作是您的工作需要所特有的。但是，大多数时候，其他人已经确定了工作场所写作的特定格式和内容。您可以使用模板，也可以使用已经设置了正确格式和主题标题的文档。作为作家，您的角色可能是信息收集者之一，并且在某些情况下，您可能永远不会自己编写整个文档。
工作场所写作与大学写作之间的主要区别之一体现在分配写作者的期望中。在工作场所，重点是生产书面产品。在大学写作中，重点是写作思考，写作学习和展示学习能力。例如，在工作中，您可能需要向员工写备忘录以解释程序更改。在大学作业中，您可能需要了解创建备忘录的过程，清楚地解释新政策，并演示编写备忘录时以读者为中心的写作技巧。
您的工作场所写作也可能与大学写作有所不同，其中包含的抽象思想的数量以及您作为作家所期望的工作方式。通常，工作场所写作传达信息，并且在目的和形式上是预先确定的，而学术写作则表现出对内容和过程的知识和理解。工作场所写作趋于务实-倾向于完成与工作相关的任务-而大学写作使您能够探索新的思维方式。
尽管期望值有所不同，但根据您的任务，工作场所和大学都为您提供了许多机会，可以写信给不同的受众并采用不同的风格。例如，作为业务经理和大学生，您可以写信，备忘录，绩效评估，状态报告，财务评论，可行性研究，建议和许多其他类型的文档。但是，您可能永远不会在工作场所写任何东西来完成您的工商管理硕士学位。
Why So Much Emphasis on Writing?
Writing is an active thinking process, a way to develop new knowledge for yourself. Your teachers will deliberately create various occasions for learning new subject matter through writing. For example, you may be asked to keep a journal, write a financial analysis, present a formal argument, create a mission statement, perform a strategic analysis, or even write your own case study. As you write about your subject—describing it from as many angles as you can think of, comparing it with other knowledge you have, tracing its history, and discovering its relationships to other subject matter—you are helping your mind to work. As you write, you are recording how your mind works and stimulating your thoughts and ideas. The written record of your thinking becomes part of your new knowledge.
In addition to creating new knowledge, writing can help you explore and discover problem-solving strategies. As you progress in your academic specialization, you will be expected to address more complex problems associated with learning new subject matter. For example, you might be asked to address the issue of whether global warming is actually occurring. You could be asked to critically evaluate the unemployment statistics posted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. You could also be asked to decide the feasibility of starting a new business in an international setting. Because these issues require more complex reasoning, you will find that “thinking in writing” about these problems facilitates your efforts to find solutions.
Although college writing assignments differ somewhat in emphasis from your workplace writing, the methods and strategies these assignments teach you will be useful in your workplace writing. For this reason, this guide focuses on college writing. Fortunately, the processes writers follow enable successful writing in many different environments. In chapter 2, you will discover some of these writing processes that will work for you in college and in everyday writing as well.
为什么这么重视写作？
写作是一个积极的思考过程，是一种为自己发展新知识的方式。您的老师会故意创造各种机会，通过写作学习新的主题。例如，可能会要求您保留日记，撰写财务分析，提出正式论点，创建任务说明，进行战略分析，甚至撰写自己的案例研究。在撰写主题时（从您能想到的尽可能多的角度进行描述，将其与您拥有的其他知识进行比较，追溯其历史并发现其与其他主题的关系），您正在帮助您的大脑工作。在撰写本文时，您正在记录自己的思维方式，并激发自己的思想和观念。您的想法的书面记录成为您新知识的一部分。
除了创造新知识，写作还可以帮助您探索和发现解决问题的策略。随着学术专业的发展，您将有望解决与学习新主题相关的更复杂的问题。例如，可能会要求您解决全球变暖是否确实发生的问题。可能会要求您严格评估劳工统计局发布的失业统计数据。也可能会要求您决定在国际环境下开展新业务的可行性。因为这些问题需要更复杂的推理，所以您会发现关于这些问题的“书面思考”有助于您寻找解决方案。
尽管大学写作作业与工作场所写作的重点有所不同，但是这些作业教给您的方法和策略将对您的工作场所写作有用。因此，本指南着重于大学写作。幸运的是，编写者遵循的过程可以在许多不同的环境中成功编写。在第二章中，您将发现其中的一些写作过程，这些过程在大学和日常写作中同样适用。
—https://coursedev.umuc.edu/WRTG999A/index.html