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本文目录如下：
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目录
💥1 概述
与陆地多跳传感器网络类似，水下网络的路由协议可以分为：①主动路由，②按需路由。
①主动路由(又被称为表驱动(table-driven))：在该路由协议中，网络中每个节点都要建立并维护一个路由表，用于记录该节点到网络中其他所有节点的路由信息，并根据网络当前状态进行更新。
主动路由的缺点：
①路由第一次建立、节点移动或节点失效导致路由重新建立连接会造成较大的网络开销。
②路由表的建立和维护会造成巨大的网络开销，节点频繁移动，网络拓扑的动态变化更是会加剧这种状况。
主动路由的路由信息主要是从基站周期性广播的控制包中获得的，主要包含DSDV(destination sequenced distance vector)，WRP(wireless routing protocol)和OLSR(optimized link state routing)等。
② 按需路由(被动式(反应)路由)：网络节点无需建立并维护去往其它节点的路由信息，而是根据通信需要临时建立路由。只有当源节点要向目的节点发送消息时，源节点才进行路由的查找和建立。路由建立后，将由一个专门的路由维护程序进行维护，直到该路由失去作用。 主要包含DSR,AODV和TORA。
按需路由协议的路由表根据通信需要而临时建立，基站不需要周期性广播路由信息。建立好的路由会保存在缓存中供后续通信使用，而无需节点维护，这降低了网络开销，减小网络资源的浪费，更适用于拓扑动态变化的网络。
📚2 运行结果
主函数部分代码：
% close and clear everything running in the command window
clc;
clear all;
close all;
% Initialize transmission range
transRange = 250;
% Initialize number of nodes
numNodes = 100;
% Initialize minimum range of x,y,z co-ordinates of the network plot00000
min.x = 0;
min.y = 0;
min.z = 0;
% Initialize maximum range of x,y,z co-ordinates of the network plot
max.x = 1000;
max.y = 1000;
max.z = -1000;
% Initialize x,y,z co-ordinates for six sinks including two embedded sinks
% embedded sink 1
sink(1,1)=250;
sink(1,2)=250;
sink(1,3)=0;
% embedded sink 2
sink(2,1)=250;
sink(2,2)=0;
sink(2,3)=250;
% sink 3
sink(3,1)=100;
sink(3,2)=1000;
sink(3,3)=100;
% sink 4
sink(4,1)=250;
sink(4,2)=1000;
sink(4,3)=250;
% sink 5
sink(5,1)=750;
sink(5,2)=100;
sink(5,3)=500;
% sink 6
sink(6,1)=500;
sink(6,2)=500;
sink(6,3)=500;
% Plot nodes randomly using createNodes function
nodePositions = createNodes(min, max, numNodes);
plot3(nodePositions(:, 1), nodePositions(:, 2),nodePositions(:, 3), '+');
hold on
% Plot sink nodes
plot3(sink(1, 1), sink(1, 2), sink(1, 3), 'S', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'y');
plot3(sink(2, 1), sink(2, 2), sink(2, 3), 'S', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'y');
plot3(sink(3, 1), sink(3, 2), sink(3, 3), 'S', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r');
plot3(sink(4, 1), sink(4, 2), sink(4, 3), 'S', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r');
plot3(sink(5, 1), sink(5, 2), sink(5, 3), 'S', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r');
plot3(sink(6, 1), sink(6, 2), sink(6, 3), 'S', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r');
% Initialize lost packets and average time taken for one packet delivery as zero
lostPackets = 0;
avgTime = 0;
% Initialize t1 to current starting time
t1 = clock;
% loop for transmitting one packet from each node to a sink node
% for i = 1 to numNodes
for i=1:numNodes
% Initialize an empty list for visited nodes
visitedNodes = [];
% Initialize source as ith node and forwarder node as the source
source = i;
forwarder = source;
fprintf('Node %d \n', i);
% find the route of the packet from the ith node to any of the sink node using the function
% find_route function returns neighbours of the given node, delivery status (success/failure) and nearest node of the neighbors, this function takes forwarder node, sink nodes, transmission range, number of nodes, nodes positions and visited nodes list as parameters
[neighbours, success, nearestNode] = find_route (forwarder, sink, transRange, numNodes, nodePositions, visitedNodes);
% Add source to visited nodes list
visitedNodes(end+1) = source;
% if the ith node could not find a sink node in its transmission range
% while packet status is undelivered or neighbors list is empty
while (success == 0 || isempty(neighbours) == 0)
% change forwarder to the nearest node obtained previously
forwarder = nearestNode;
% if forwarder is unreachable, packet is said to be lost and break the loop
if (forwarder == Inf)
success = 0;
disp('Packet Lost')
lostPackets = lostPackets + 1;
break;
end
% Add forwarder node to visited nodes list
visitedNodes(end+1) = forwarder;
% Find the route for the ith packet from the new forwarder to any of the sinks
[neighbours, success, nearestNode] = find_route (forwarder, sink, transRange, numNodes, nodePositions, visitedNodes);
end
🎉3 参考文献
[1]张剑,黄本雄,张帆,涂来.一种适合水下无线传感器网络的能量有效路由协议[J].计算机科学,2008(01):38-41+195.
部分理论引用网络文献，若有侵权联系博主删除。
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4 Matlab代码实现