1、Q值等于谐振电路中存储能量与每个周期内消耗的能量的2π倍,Q值越大,意味着相对于存储的能量来说所需付出的能量耗散约束,即谐振电路储能的效率越高;
在LCR电路中,电阻是耗能元件,它把电磁能转化为热,电容和电感是储能元件,它们时而把电磁能储存起来,时而放出,彼此交换能量,而不是消耗,交流电的一个周期T里电阻元件中损耗的能量为:
W
R
=
R
I
2
T
W_R=RI^2 T
W
R
=
R
I
2
T
其中
I
=
I
0
2
I=\frac{I_0}{\sqrt{2}}
I
=
2
I
0
是电流的有效值,谐振电路中电感和电容元件中储存的总能量为:
W
s
=
1
/
2
L
i
2
(
t
)
+
1
/
2
C
u
c
2
(
t
)
W_s=1/2 Li^2 (t)+1/2 Cu_c^2 (t)
W
s
=
1
/
2
L
i
2
(
t
)
+
1
/
2
C
u
c
2
(
t
)
设:
i
(
t
)
=
I
0
c
o
s
(
w
t
)
i(t)=I_0 cos(wt)
i
(
t
)
=
I
0
c
o
s
(
w
t
)
则:
U
c
(
t
)
=
I
0
w
C
c
o
s
(
w
t
−
π
/
2
)
=
I
0
w
C
s
i
n
(
w
t
)
U_c (t)=\frac{I_0}{wC} cos(wt-π/2)=\frac{I_0}{wC} sin(wt)
U
c
(
t
)
=
w
C
I
0
c
o
s
(
w
t
−
π
/
2
)
=
w
C
I
0
s
i
n
(
w
t
)
所以:
W
s
=
1
2
I
0
2
[
L
c
o
s
2
w
t
+
1
(
w
2
C
)
s
i
n
2
(
w
t
)
]
W_s=\frac{1}{2} I_0^2 [L cos^2wt+\frac{1}{(w^2 C) }sin^2(wt)]
W
s
=
2
1
I
0
2
[
L
c
o
s
2
w
t
+
(
w
2
C
)
1
s
i
n
2
(
w
t
)
]
Q
=
2
π
W
S
/
W
R
Q=2π W_S/W_R
Q
=
2
π
W
S
/
W
R
2、谐振电路的通频带宽∆f反比与谐振电路的Q值,Q值越大,谐振电路的频率选择性越强;
∆
f
=
f
0
/
Q
∆f=f_0/Q
∆
f
=
f
0
/
Q
3、X谐振时电容或者电感上的电压比总电压大Q倍;
Q
=
U
C
/
U
=
U
L
/
U
=
(
W
0
L
)
/
R
Q=U_C/U=U_L/U=(W_0 L)/R
Q
=
U
C
/
U
=
U
L
/
U
=
(
W
0
L
)
/
R
4、Q值越大,振幅衰减越慢;
τ
=
2
Q
/
W
0
=
Q
T
/
π
τ=2Q/W_0 =QT/π
τ
=
2
Q
/
W
0
=
Q
T
/
π