作者 | 李秋键
责编 | Carol
封图 | CSDN 下载自视觉中国
近几年来Python语言得到了快速发展，而Pygame作为Python开发应用和游戏必备的库更是展现了Python的优越性。
而今天我们就将借助Pygame建立吃豆人游戏。
吃豆人是电子游戏历史上的经典街机游戏，由Namco公司的岩谷彻设计并由Midway Games在1980年发行
。Pac-Man被认为是80年代最经典的街机游戏之一，游戏的主角小精灵的形象甚至被作为一种大众文化符号，或是此产业的代表形象。
而Pygame模块是跨平台Python模块，专为电子游戏设计，包含图像、声音。建立在SDL基础上，允许实时电子游戏研发而无需被低级语言(如机器语言和汇编语言)束缚。
最终游戏效果如下可见：
一、实验前的准备
首先我们使用的python版本是3.6.5所用到的模块是pygame模块，用来创建游戏框架。Random模块用来随机生成方向。
素材准备
首先我们将图片放到images目录下，背景音乐放到sounds目录下。
如下图可见：
游戏搭建
1、定义一些精灵：
整体的类变量定义包括墙类，通过pygame的图片填充作为墙类的加载；同理还包括食物类和角色。而怪物的随机运动使用random产生随机运动方向。
其对应的代码如下：
import random
import pygame
'''墙类'''
class Wall(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, color, **kwargs):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
self.image.fill(color)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.left = x
self.rect.top = y
'''食物类'''
class Food(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, color, bg_color, **kwargs):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
self.image.fill(bg_color)
self.image.set_colorkey(bg_color)
pygame.draw.ellipse(self.image, color, [0, 0, width, height])
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.left = x
self.rect.top = y
'''角色类'''
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, role_image_path):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.role_name = role_image_path.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
self.base_image = pygame.image.load(role_image_path).convert()
self.image = self.base_image.copy()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.left = x
self.rect.top = y
self.prev_x = x
self.prev_y = y
self.base_speed = [30, 30]
self.speed = [0, 0]
self.is_move = False
self.tracks = []
self.tracks_loc = [0, 0]
'''改变速度方向'''
def changeSpeed(self, direction):
if direction[0] < 0:
self.image = pygame.transform.flip(self.base_image, True, False)
elif direction[0] > 0:
self.image = self.base_image.copy()
elif direction[1] < 0:
self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.base_image, 90)
elif direction[1] > 0:
self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.base_image, -90)
self.speed = [direction[0] * self.base_speed[0], direction[1] * self.base_speed[1]]
return self.speed
'''更新角色位置'''
def update(self, wall_sprites, gate_sprites):
if not self.is_move:
return False
x_prev = self.rect.left
y_prev = self.rect.top
self.rect.left += self.speed[0]
self.rect.top += self.speed[1]
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, wall_sprites, False)
if gate_sprites is not None:
if not is_collide:
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, gate_sprites, False)
if is_collide:
self.rect.left = x_prev
self.rect.top = y_prev
return False
return True
'''生成随机的方向'''
def randomDirection(self):
return random.choice([[-0.5, 0], [0.5, 0], [0, 0.5], [0, -0.5]])
2、游戏关卡定义：
在这里设置好了关卡一。关卡的定义必须包括墙的位置，不同关卡墙的位置和怪物的位置不同。更多关卡可以参照设置
对应代码如下：
import pygame
from Sprites import *
NUMLEVELS = 1
'''关卡一'''
class Level1():
def __init__(self):
self.info = 'level1'
'''创建墙'''
def setupWalls(self, wall_color):
self.wall_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
wall_positions = [[0, 0, 6, 600],
[0, 0, 600, 6],
[0, 600, 606, 6],
[600, 0, 6, 606],
[300, 0, 6, 66],
[60, 60, 186, 6],
[360, 60, 186, 6],
[60, 120, 66, 6],
[60, 120, 6, 126],
[180, 120, 246, 6],
[300, 120, 6, 66],
[480, 120, 66, 6],
[540, 120, 6, 126],
[120, 180, 126, 6],
[120, 180, 6, 126],
[360, 180, 126, 6],
[480, 180, 6, 126],
[180, 240, 6, 126],
[180, 360, 246, 6],
[420, 240, 6, 126],
[240, 240, 42, 6],
[324, 240, 42, 6],
[240, 240, 6, 66],
[240, 300, 126, 6],
[360, 240, 6, 66],
[0, 300, 66, 6],
[540, 300, 66, 6],
[60, 360, 66, 6],
[60, 360, 6, 186],
[480, 360, 66, 6],
[540, 360, 6, 186],
[120, 420, 366, 6],
[120, 420, 6, 66],
[480, 420, 6, 66],
[180, 480, 246, 6],
[300, 480, 6, 66],
[120, 540, 126, 6],
[360, 540, 126, 6]]
for wall_position in wall_positions:
wall = Wall(*wall_position, wall_color)
self.wall_sprites.add(wall)
return self.wall_sprites
'''创建门'''
def setupGate(self, gate_color):
self.gate_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.gate_sprites.add(Wall(282, 242, 42, 2, gate_color))
return self.gate_sprites
'''创建角色'''
def setupPlayers(self, hero_image_path, ghost_images_path):
self.hero_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.ghost_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.hero_sprites.add(Player(287, 439, hero_image_path))
for each in ghost_images_path:
role_name = each.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
if role_name == 'Blinky':
player = Player(287, 199, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 9], [0, 0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3],
[0.5, 0, 15], [0, -0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 3],
[0, -0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, -0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 3],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 5]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
elif role_name == 'Clyde':
player = Player(319, 259, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[-1, 0, 2], [0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 5], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, 0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, -0.5, 3],
[-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 9]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
elif role_name == 'Inky':
player = Player(255, 259, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[1, 0, 2], [0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 10], [0, 0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 3],
[0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 11],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 7],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 3],
[-0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 1]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
elif role_name == 'Pinky':
player = Player(287, 259, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[0, -1, 4], [0.5, 0, 9], [0, 0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 23], [0, 0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3],
[0, -0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 19], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 3],
[0, -0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, 0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 19], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 9]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
return self.hero_sprites, self.ghost_sprites
'''创建食物'''
def setupFood(self, food_color, bg_color):
self.food_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
for row in range(19):
for col in range(19):
if (row == 7 or row == 8) and (col == 8 or col == 9 or col == 10):
continue
else:
food = Food(30*col+32, 30*row+32, 4, 4, food_color, bg_color)
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(food, self.wall_sprites, False)
if is_collide:
continue
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(food, self.hero_sprites, False)
if is_collide:
continue
self.food_sprites.add(food)
return self.food_sprites
3、游戏创建：
在通过关卡定义墙等位置后以及精灵自身属性怪物运动、食物定义等后，通过调用已经创建好的类达到搭建游戏的目的。
具体如下可见：
import os
import sys
import pygame
import Levels
'''定义一些必要的参数'''
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
PURPLE = (255, 0, 255)
SKYBLUE = (0, 191, 255)
BGMPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/sounds/bg.mp3')
ICONPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/icon.png')
FONTPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/font/ALGER.TTF')
HEROPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/pacman.png')
BlinkyPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Blinky.png')
ClydePATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Clyde.png')
InkyPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Inky.png')
PinkyPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Pinky.png')
'''开始某一关游戏'''
def startLevelGame(level, screen, font):
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
SCORE = 0
wall_sprites = level.setupWalls(SKYBLUE)
gate_sprites = level.setupGate(WHITE)
hero_sprites, ghost_sprites = level.setupPlayers(HEROPATH, [BlinkyPATH, ClydePATH, InkyPATH, PinkyPATH])
food_sprites = level.setupFood(YELLOW, WHITE)
is_clearance = False
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit(-1)
pygame.quit()
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([-1, 0])
hero.is_move = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([1, 0])
hero.is_move = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([0, -1])
hero.is_move = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([0, 1])
hero.is_move = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if (event.key == pygame.K_LEFT) or (event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT) or (event.key == pygame.K_UP) or (event.key == pygame.K_DOWN):
hero.is_move = False
screen.fill(BLACK)
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.update(wall_sprites, gate_sprites)
hero_sprites.draw(screen)
for hero in hero_sprites:
food_eaten = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(hero, food_sprites, True)
SCORE += len(food_eaten)
wall_sprites.draw(screen)
gate_sprites.draw(screen)
food_sprites.draw(screen)
for ghost in ghost_sprites:
# 幽灵随机运动(效果不好且有BUG)
'''
res = ghost.update(wall_sprites, None)
while not res:
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.randomDirection())
res = ghost.update(wall_sprites, None)
'''
# 指定幽灵运动路径
if ghost.tracks_loc[1] < ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][2]:
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
ghost.tracks_loc[1] += 1
else:
if ghost.tracks_loc[0] < len(ghost.tracks) - 1:
ghost.tracks_loc[0] += 1
elif ghost.role_name == 'Clyde':
ghost.tracks_loc[0] = 2
else:
ghost.tracks_loc[0] = 0
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
ghost.tracks_loc[1] = 0
if ghost.tracks_loc[1] < ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][2]:
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
else:
if ghost.tracks_loc[0] < len(ghost.tracks) - 1:
loc0 = ghost.tracks_loc[0] + 1
elif ghost.role_name == 'Clyde':
loc0 = 2
else:
loc0 = 0
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[loc0][0: 2])
ghost.update(wall_sprites, None)
ghost_sprites.draw(screen)
score_text = font.render("Score: %s" % SCORE, True, RED)
screen.blit(score_text, [10, 10])
if len(food_sprites) == 0:
is_clearance = True
break
if pygame.sprite.groupcollide(hero_sprites, ghost_sprites, False, False):
is_clearance = False
break
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(10)
return is_clearance
'''显示文字'''
def showText(screen, font, is_clearance, flag=False):
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
msg = 'Game Over!' if not is_clearance else 'Congratulations, you won!'
positions = [[235, 233], [65, 303], [170, 333]] if not is_clearance else [[145, 233], [65, 303], [170, 333]]
surface = pygame.Surface((400, 200))
surface.set_alpha(10)
surface.fill((128, 128, 128))
screen.blit(surface, (100, 200))
texts = [font.render(msg, True, WHITE),
font.render('Press ENTER to continue or play again.', True, WHITE),
font.render('Press ESCAPE to quit.', True, WHITE)]
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
pygame.quit()
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
if is_clearance:
if not flag:
return
else:
main(initialize())
else:
main(initialize())
elif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
sys.exit()
pygame.quit()
for idx, (text, position) in enumerate(zip(texts, positions)):
screen.blit(text, position)
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(10)
'''初始化'''
def initialize():
pygame.init()
icon_image = pygame.image.load(ICONPATH)
pygame.display.set_icon(icon_image)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([606, 606])
pygame.display.set_caption('吃豆人')
return screen
'''主函数'''
def main(screen):
pygame.mixer.init()
pygame.mixer.music.load(BGMPATH)
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
pygame.font.init()
font_small = pygame.font.Font(FONTPATH, 18)
font_big = pygame.font.Font(FONTPATH, 24)
for num_level in range(1, Levels.NUMLEVELS+1):
if num_level == 1:
level = Levels.Level1()
is_clearance = startLevelGame(level, screen, font_small)
if num_level == Levels.NUMLEVELS:
showText(screen, font_big, is_clearance, True)
else:
showText(screen, font_big, is_clearance)最终运行程序结果如下：
源码地址：
https://pan.baidu.com/s/128id8L-PDPgGOPuH-5uHDg
提取码：rj9f
作者简介：
李秋键，CSDN博客专家，CSDN达人课作者。硕士在读于中国矿业大学，开发有taptap竞赛获奖等等。
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