传输层协议报文信息分析

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传输层协议报文信息分析



1


、浏览网页数据报文


截图如下:


传输层协议报文信息分析


No.




Time







Source















Destination










Protocol Info





351 199.346792

58.218.3.215









119.75.218.45








TCP





dectalk > http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 Len=0




Frame 351 (54 bytes on wire, 54 bytes captured)





Arrival Time: Dec 18, 2010 23:10:30.152304000





[Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.000065000 seconds]





[Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.000065000 seconds]





[Time since reference or first frame: 199.346792000 seconds]





Frame Number: 351





Frame Length: 54 bytes





Capture Length: 54 bytes





[Frame is marked: False]





[Protocols in frame: eth:ip:tcp]





[Coloring Rule Name: HTTP]





[Coloring Rule String: http || tcp.port == 80]


Ethernet II, Src: CompalIn_29:bd:20 (70:5a:b6:29:bd:20), Dst: LinkageS_04:d6:00 (00:09:53:04:d6:00)





Destination: LinkageS_04:d6:00 (00:09:53:04:d6:00)









Address: LinkageS_04:d6:00 (00:09:53:04:d6:00)









…. …0 …. …. …. …. = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)









…. ..0. …. …. …. …. = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)





Source: CompalIn_29:bd:20 (70:5a:b6:29:bd:20)









Address: CompalIn_29:bd:20 (70:5a:b6:29:bd:20)









…. …0 …. …. …. …. = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)









…. ..0. …. …. …. …. = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)





Type: IP (0x0800)


Internet Protocol, Src: 58.218.3.215 (58.218.3.215), Dst: 119.75.218.45 (119.75.218.45)





Version: 4





Header length: 20 bytes





Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)









0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)









…. ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0









…. …0 = ECN-CE: 0





Total Length: 40





Identification: 0x3486 (13446)





Flags: 0x02 (Don’t Fragment)









0.. = Reserved bit: Not Set









.1. = Don’t fragment: Set









..0 = More fragments: Not Set





Fragment offset: 0





Time to live: 64





Protocol: TCP (0x06)





Header checksum: 0x7620 [correct]









[Good: True]









[Bad : False]





Source: 58.218.3.215 (58.218.3.215)





Destination: 119.75.218.45 (119.75.218.45)


Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: dectalk (2007), Dst Port: http (80), Seq: 1, Ack: 1, Len: 0





Source port: dectalk (2007)





Destination port: http (80)





[Stream index: 60]





Sequence number: 1



(relative sequence number)





Acknowledgement number: 1



(relative ack number)





Header length: 20 bytes





Flags: 0x10 (ACK)









0… …. = Congestion Window Reduced (CWR): Not set









.0.. …. = ECN-Echo: Not set









..0. …. = Urgent: Not set









…1 …. = Acknowledgement: Set









…. 0… = Push: Not set









…. .0.. = Reset: Not set









…. ..0. = Syn: Not set









…. …0 = Fin: Not set





Window size: 65535





Checksum: 0xd1ed [validation disabled]









[Good Checksum: False]









[Bad Checksum: False]





[SEQ/ACK analysis]









[This is an ACK to the segment in frame: 350]









[The RTT to ACK the segment was: 0.000065000 seconds]


分析以上报文知:


以太帧格式部分:








终止地址是:


00:09:53:04:d6:00












源点地址是:


70:5a:b6:29:bd:20








帧格式类型码为:


0x0800
















IP


数据报格式及首部各字段:


版本号:


4






























首部长度:


20 bytes




















服务类型:


0x00

























总长度:


40








标识:


0x3486 (13446)




















标志:


0x02








偏移:


0
































生存期:


64








协议:


TCP (0x06)























首部校验和:


0x7620 [correct]











IP





58.218.3.215






















目的


IP





119.75.218.45


传输层协议,


TCP


字段:


源端口:


2007



























目的端口:


80








序列号:


1






























确认序列号:


1








首部长度:


20 bytes






















标志:


0x10





ACK










窗口大小:


65535
























检验和:


0xd1ed





2


、即时通信


截图如下:


传输层协议报文信息分析


No.




Time







Source















Destination










Protocol Info




1198 1261.306972 58.218.3.215









121.233.61.180







TCP





down > 49383 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=0 TSER=0




Frame 1198 (78 bytes on wire, 78 bytes captured)





Arrival Time: Dec 18, 2010 23:28:12.112484000





[Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.000083000 seconds]





[Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.000083000 seconds]





[Time since reference or first frame: 1261.306972000 seconds]





Frame Number: 1198





Frame Length: 78 bytes





Capture Length: 78 bytes





[Frame is marked: False]





[Protocols in frame: eth:ip:tcp]





[Coloring Rule Name: TCP SYN/FIN]





[Coloring Rule String: tcp.flags & 0x02 || tcp.flags.fin == 1]


Ethernet II, Src: CompalIn_29:bd:20 (70:5a:b6:29:bd:20), Dst: LinkageS_04:d6:00 (00:09:53:04:d6:00)





Destination: LinkageS_04:d6:00 (00:09:53:04:d6:00)









Address: LinkageS_04:d6:00 (00:09:53:04:d6:00)









…. …0 …. …. …. …. = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)









…. ..0. …. …. …. …. = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)





Source: CompalIn_29:bd:20 (70:5a:b6:29:bd:20)









Address: CompalIn_29:bd:20 (70:5a:b6:29:bd:20)









…. …0 …. …. …. …. = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)









…. ..0. …. …. …. …. = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)





Type: IP (0x0800)


Internet Protocol, Src: 58.218.3.215 (58.218.3.215), Dst: 121.233.61.180 (121.233.61.180)





Version: 4





Header length: 20 bytes





Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)









0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)









…. ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0









…. …0 = ECN-CE: 0





Total Length: 64





Identification: 0x35db (13787)





Flags: 0x00









0.. = Reserved bit: Not Set









.0. = Don’t fragment: Not Set









..0 = More fragments: Not Set





Fragment offset: 0





Time to live: 64





Protocol: TCP (0x06)





Header checksum: 0x4e8f [correct]









[Good: True]









[Bad : False]





Source: 58.218.3.215 (58.218.3.215)





Destination: 121.233.61.180 (121.233.61.180)


Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: down (2022), Dst Port: 49383 (49383), Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0





Source port: down (2022)





Destination port: 49383 (49383)





[Stream index: 116]





Sequence number: 0



(relative sequence number)





Acknowledgement number: 1



(relative ack number)





Header length: 44 bytes





Flags: 0x12 (SYN, ACK)









0… …. = Congestion Window Reduced (CWR): Not set









.0.. …. = ECN-Echo: Not set









..0. …. = Urgent: Not set









…1 …. = Acknowledgement: Set









…. 0… = Push: Not set









…. .0.. = Reset: Not set









…. ..1. = Syn: Set













[Expert Info (Chat/Sequence): Connection establish acknowledge (SYN+ACK): server port down]

















[Message: Connection establish acknowledge (SYN+ACK): server port down]

















[Severity level: Chat]

















[Group: Sequence]









…. …0 = Fin: Not set





Window size: 65535





Checksum: 0xa7eb [validation disabled]









[Good Checksum: False]









[Bad Checksum: False]





Options: (24 bytes)









Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes









NOP









Window scale: 3 (multiply by 8)









NOP









NOP









Timestamps: TSval 0, TSecr 0









NOP









NOP









SACK permitted





[SEQ/ACK analysis]









[This is an ACK to the segment in frame: 1197]









[The RTT to ACK the segment was: 0.000083000 seconds]


分析以上报文知:


以太帧格式部分:








终止地址是:


00:09:53:04:d6:00












源点地址是:


70:5a:b6:29:bd:20








帧格式类型码为:


0x0800
















IP


数据报格式及首部各字段:


版本号:


4






























首部长度:


20 bytes




















服务类型:


0x00

























总长度:


64








标识:


0x35db (13787)




















标志:


0x00








偏移:


0
































生存期:


64








协议:


TCP (0x06)























首部校验和:


0x4e8f [correct]











IP





58.218.3.215






















目的


IP





121.233.61.180


传输层协议,


TCP


字段:


源端口:


2022



























目的端口:


49383








序列号:


0






























确认序列号:


1








首部长度:


44 bytes






















标志:


0x12





SYN





ACK










窗口大小:


65535
























检验和:


0xa7eb





3





TCP


建立与断开连接




1)


三次握手截图如下:


传输层协议报文信息分析


第一次握手


:


请求端


(


客户端


)


会向服务端


(


被请求端


)


发送一个


tcp


报文,申请打开某一个端口。因为没有数据,所以这个报文仅包含一个


tcp


头。其中:


客户端发送一个


TCP





SYN


标志位置


1


的包指明客户打算连接的服务器的端口,以及初始序号


0,


保存在包头的序列号


(Sequence Number)


字段里。


序号用来标识从客户端向服务端发送的数据字节流。此时客户端进入


SYN_SENT


状态。


100327002911


第二次握手:


服务端收到客户端的


SYN


包,也会发一个只包含


tcp


头的报文给客户端。


即:


SYN


标志位和


ACK


标志位均为


1


,同时将确认序号


(Acknowledgement Number)


设置为客户的


SYN





1


作为应答。


此时服务端进入


SYN_RECV


状态。


100327003054


第三次握手:客户端再次发送确认包


(ACK) SYN


标志位为


0,ACK


标志位为


1


,并把服务器发来


ACK


的序号字段


+1,


放在确定字段中发送给对方。


ACK=1


;客户端确认收到信息,确认序号;服务端序号


+1


,作为应答。此时客户端进入


ESTABLISHED


状态,服务端收到


ACK


后也会进入此状态。


传输层协议报文信息分析


可见,客户端和服务端都保留了对方的序号,这三次握手缺少任何一步都无法实现这一目标。


2)


四次握手截图如下:


传输层协议报文信息分析


第一次握手

:



客户端发送一个


FIN


(这个客户端是主动发起关闭的一端,与建立连接时的客户端不一定是同一主机)


此时客户端进入


FIN_WAIT_1


状态;


第二次握手

:



服务端收到


FIN


,发回客户端一个


ACK


,确认序号为收到的序号加


1


(因为


FIN





SYN


一样,会占用一个序号);客户端收到


ACK


之后会进入


FIN_WAIT_2


状态,服务端会进入


CLOSE_WAIT


状态;


第三次握手

:



服务端发送给客户端一个


FIN


。服务端进入


LAST_ACK


状态;


第四次握手:


客户端收到


FIN


,发回服务端一个


ACK


,确认序号为收到的序号加


1


;客户端会进入


TIME_WAIT


状态,


2MSL


超时后进入


CLOSE


状态。服务端收到


ACK


后也会进入


CLOSE


状态。


分析两种握手:


之所以建立连接时时三次握手,而拆除连接时是四次握手时因为,建立连接时,服务端可以把应答


ACK


和同步


SYN


放在一个报文里进行发送;而关闭连接时,收到


FIN


通知仅仅表示对方没有数据发送过来了,并不表示自己的数据全部发送给了对方。所以


ACK





FIN


是分了两次进行发送。如果服务端收到


FIN


,恰恰自己也没有数据要发,这样就可以少一次数据流了。