基于bootstrap滚动监听实现给固定导航栏添加背景颜色

默认状态

滚动后

文档说是：

通过数据属性

要轻松添加滚动行为到您的顶栏导航，添加
data-spy="scroll"
到您要窥探的元素（通常是
<body>
）。然后添加
data-target
属性到任何Bootstrap
.nav
组件的父元素ID或类的Class属性。
body {
  position: relative;
}
<body data-spy="scroll" data-target="#navbar-example">
  ...
  <div id="navbar-example">
    <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist">
      ...
    </ul>
  </div>
  ...
</body>

菜鸟实例是：

<!-- 可滚动区域 -->
<body data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar" data-offset="50">
 
<!-- The navbar - The <a> elements are used to jump to a section in the scrollable area -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-top">
...
  <ul class="navbar-nav">
    <li><a href="#section1">Section 1</a></li>
    ...
</nav>
 
<!-- 第一部分内容 -->
<div id="section1">
  <h1>Section 1</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this page and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
...
 
</body>

完整代码是：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <style>
  body {
      position: relative; 
  }
  </style>
</head>
<body data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar" data-offset="50">

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-top">  
  <ul class="navbar-nav">
    <li class="nav-item">
      <a class="nav-link" href="#section1">Section 1</a>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-item">
      <a class="nav-link" href="#section2">Section 2</a>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-item">
      <a class="nav-link" href="#section3">Section 3</a>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-item dropdown">
      <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbardrop" data-toggle="dropdown">
        Section 4
      </a>
      <div class="dropdown-menu">
        <a class="dropdown-item" href="#section41">Link 1</a>
        <a class="dropdown-item" href="#section42">Link 2</a>
      </div>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>

<div id="section1" class="container-fluid bg-success" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 1</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section2" class="container-fluid bg-warning" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 2</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section3" class="container-fluid bg-secondary" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 3</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section41" class="container-fluid bg-danger" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 4 Submenu 1</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section42" class="container-fluid bg-info" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 4 Submenu 2</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

一、根据菜鸟的实例，我们进行更改，先给body添加属性：

<body  data-spy="scroll" data-target="#mynav" data-offset="50">

二、然后添加一个nav导航，里面只保留两个a标签，作为锚链接的同事也作为真正nav导航的背景：

<nav id="mynav" class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark fixed-top"> 
  <a id="nav1" class="nav-link" href="#section1"></a> 
  <a id="nav2" class="nav-link" href="#section2"></a> 
</nav>

对应的css样式是：
#mynav {
    padding: 0;
    display: block;
    height: 70px;
}
#mynav .nav-link {
    width: 100%;
    position: absolute;
}
#mynav .active {
    background-color: red;
}
#nav1 {
    display: none;
}
#nav2 {
    height: 70px;
}

三、然后添加真正的nav导航:

<nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light ">
	<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent1" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent1" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button>
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent1">
    <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
      <li class="nav-item active"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> </li>
      <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a> </li>
      <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown1" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Dropdown </a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown1"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a> </div>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a> </li>
    </ul>
    <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
      <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
      <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
    </form>
  </div>
</nav>

四、最后添加锚链接内容区域，并指定id:

<div id="carouselExampleIndicators1" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" style="background-color: grey">
  <ol class="carousel-indicators">
    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators1" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators1" data-slide-to="1"></li>
    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators1" data-slide-to="2"></li>
  </ol>
  <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
    <div class="carousel-item active"> <img class="d-block mx-auto" src="images/Carousel_Placeholder.png" alt="First slide">
      <div class="carousel-caption">
        <h5>First slide Heading</h5>
        <p>First slide Caption</p>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="carousel-item"> <img class="d-block mx-auto" src="images/Carousel_Placeholder.png" alt="Second slide">
      <div class="carousel-caption">
        <h5>Second slide Heading</h5>
        <p>Second slide Caption</p>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="carousel-item"> <img class="d-block mx-auto" src="images/Carousel_Placeholder.png" alt="Third slide">
      <div class="carousel-caption">
        <h5>Third slide Heading</h5>
        <p>Third slide Caption</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExampleIndicators1" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExampleIndicators1" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div>
<div id="section2" class="container-fluid bg-success" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 1</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section0" class="container-fluid bg-warning" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 2</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section3" class="container-fluid bg-secondary" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 3</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section41" class="container-fluid bg-danger" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 4 Submenu 1</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>
<div id="section42" class="container-fluid bg-info" style="padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:70px">
  <h1>Section 4 Submenu 2</h1>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
  <p>Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling! Try to scroll this section and look at the navigation bar while scrolling!</p>
</div>

默认锚链接指向的是“section1”，但是我们下面没有指定这个区域，也不用指定，只设置滚动触发的第二个锚链接“section2”即可。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011924274/article/details/127794116

通过数据属性

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