OSPF虚链路配置详解

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实验目的:


1、理解OSPF虚链路原理及何时需要使用虚链路。


2、掌握OSPF虚链路配置方法


实验拓扑:

步骤1:接口ip配置

R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown 
R1(config)#interface loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 
R2(config-if)#interface f0/1                     
R2(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 

R3(config)#interface f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 
R3(config)#interface f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 

R4(config)#interface f0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown 
R4(config)#interface loopback 0
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0

步骤2:路由协议基本配置

R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 3
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 3

R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0  0.0.0.255 area 3
R2(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 2

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R3(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R4(config)#router  ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

查看R1、R2的ospf邻居表确认邻接关系建立情况:

R1#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
23.23.23.2        1   FULL/BDR        00:00:31    12.12.12.2      FastEthernet0/0
R2#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
34.34.34.3        1   FULL/DR         00:00:34    23.23.23.3      FastEthernet0/1
1.1.1.1           1   FULL/DR         00:00:36    12.12.12.1      FastEthernet0/0

查看R1路由表:

R1#show ip route 


Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0


通过观察R1的路由表,R1的路由器无法学习到骨干区域、area 1和area 2区域的路由。造成这个问题的主要原因是:


area 3


区域与骨干区域area 0被分割





OSPF


的区域配置规则是:普通区域必须与骨干区域直连。


步骤3:当有这种问题出现时,可以使用虚链路的配置方案解决。使用虚链路可以确保非直连区域能够逻辑认为自己与骨干区域直连。在R2和R3上进行如下虚拟路的配置。

R2(config)#router  ospf 1
R2(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 34.34.34.3
//指出创建虚链路的对端R3路由器的router id

R3(config)#router  ospf 1
R3(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 23.23.23.2 

查看R2邻居表

R2#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
34.34.34.3        0   FULL/  -           -        23.23.23.3      OSPF_VL2
34.34.34.3        1   FULL/DR         00:00:33    23.23.23.3      FastEthernet0/1
1.1.1.1           1   FULL/DR         00:00:34    12.12.12.1      FastEthernet0/0

查看R2的路由表,确认R2路由器已经学习其它区域的路由

R2#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       34.34.34.0 [110/2] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:50, FastEthernet0/1
     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       1.1.1.1 [110/2] via 12.12.12.1, 00:03:06, FastEthernet0/0
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    4.4.4.4 [110/3] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:50, FastEthernet0/1
// R1路由器已经正确的学习到其它区域的路由。
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

测试网络联通性

R1#ping 4.4.4.4

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/45/84 ms

本实验中出现的普通区域与骨干区域被分割。如果骨干区域被分割,也可以采用虚拟路的配置方法进行解决,其配置与本例本似



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