一文搞懂Java整合RocketMQ

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  • Post category:java




4 安装启动



4.1 下载

https://rocketmq.apache.org/dowloading/releases/



4.2 安装

先决条件:

  1. 64bit OS, Linux/Unix/Mac is recommended;(Windows user see guide below)
  2. 64bit JDK 1.8+;
  3. Maven 3.2.x;
  4. Git;
  5. 4g+ free disk for Broker server



4.3 启动


(1)配置环境变量


在这里插入图片描述


(2)启动NameServer和Broker


在这里插入图片描述


(3)测试生产者和消费者


发送信息

:tools.cmd org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Producer


接收消息

:tools.cmd org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Consumer

在这里插入图片描述



5 Java整合RocketMQ案例



5.1 入门案例



5.1.1 新建Maven项目



5.1.2 引入依赖

<!-- RocketMQ -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.rocketmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>rocketmq-client</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>



5.1.3 生产者案例


(1)同步发送

/**
 * @desc: Producer端发送同步消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-14:09
 * @info: 这种可靠性同步地发送方式使用的比较广泛,比如:重要的消息通知,短信通知。
 **/
public class SyncProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 实例化消息生产者Producer
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("my_mq_one");
        // 设置NameServer的地址
        producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876");
        // 启动Producer实例
        producer.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            // 创建消息,并指定Topic,Tag和消息体
            Message msg = new Message("TopicTest" ,
                    "TagA" ,
                    ("Hello RocketMQ " + i).getBytes()
            );
            // 发送消息到一个Broker
            SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg);
            // 通过sendResult返回消息是否成功送达
            System.out.println(sendResult);
        }
        // 如果不再发送消息,关闭Producer实例。
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}


(2)单向发送

/**
 * @desc: 单向发送消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-14:10
 * @info: 这种方式主要用在不特别关心发送结果的场景,例如日志发送。
 **/
public class OnewayProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        // 实例化消息生产者Producer
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("my_mq_one");
        // 设置NameServer的地址
        producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876");
        // 启动Producer实例
        producer.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            // 创建消息,并指定Topic,Tag和消息体
            Message msg = new Message("TopicTest" ,
                    "TagA",
                    ("Hello RocketMQ " + i).getBytes()
            );
            // 发送单向消息,没有任何返回结果
            producer.sendOneway(msg);
        }
        // 如果不再发送消息,关闭Producer实例。
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}


(3)异步发送

/**
 * @desc: 发送异步消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-14:09
 * @info: 异步消息通常用在对响应时间敏感的业务场景,即发送端不能容忍长时间地等待Broker的响应。
 **/
public class AsyncProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 实例化消息生产者Producer
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("my_mq_one");
        // 设置NameServer的地址
        producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876");
        // 启动Producer实例
        producer.start();
        producer.setRetryTimesWhenSendAsyncFailed(0);

        int messageCount = 100;
        // 根据消息数量实例化倒计时计算器
        final CountDownLatch2 countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch2(messageCount);
        for (int i = 0; i < messageCount; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            // 创建消息,并指定Topic,Tag和消息体
            Message msg = new Message("TopicTest",
                    "TagA",
                    "OrderID188",
                    "Hello world".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET));
            // SendCallback接收异步返回结果的回调
            producer.send(msg, new SendCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(SendResult sendResult) {
                    System.out.printf("%-10d OK %s %n", index,
                            sendResult.getMsgId());
                }
                @Override
                public void onException(Throwable e) {
                    System.out.printf("%-10d Exception %s %n", index, e);
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
        // 等待5s
        countDownLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        // 如果不再发送消息,关闭Producer实例。
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}



5.1.4 消费者案例

/**
 * @desc: 消费消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-14:12
 **/
public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
        // 实例化消费者
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("my_mq_one_consumer");
        // 设置NameServer的地址
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876");
        // 订阅一个或者多个Topic,以及Tag来过滤需要消费的消息
        consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*");
        // 注册回调实现类来处理从broker拉取回来的消息
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
            @Override
            public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
                System.out.printf("%s Receive New Messages: %s %n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), msgs);
                // 标记该消息已经被成功消费
                return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
            }
        });
        // 启动消费者实例
        consumer.start();
        System.out.printf("Consumer Started......");
    }
}



5.1.5 研究下Message类


(1)理解:

Message是一个RocketMQ中的类也可以说是一个普通的对象,是消息发送和消费的最小实体。


(2)构造方法:

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-EW9y3ci3-1631671851365)(RocketMQ学习笔记.assets/image-20210914150922219.png)]


(3)几个重要的成员变量:

private String topic;
private int flag;
private Map<String, String> properties;
private byte[] body;
private String transactionId;
  • topic:用于区分消息的Topic
  • flag:
  • properties:用于获取某些外部属性和属性值
  • body:消息体
  • transactionId:在开启事务的情况下保存事务的ID



5.2 顺序消息案例

消息有序指的是可以按照消息的发送顺序来消费(FIFO)。RocketMQ可以严格的保证消息有序,可以分为分区有序或者全局有序。

顺序消费的原理解析,在默认的情况下消息发送会采取Round Robin轮询方式把消息发送到不同的queue(分区队列);而消费消息的时候从多个queue上拉取消息,这种情况发送和消费是不能保证顺序。但是如果控制发送的顺序消息只依次发送到同一个queue中,消费的时候只从这个queue上依次拉取,则就保证了顺序。当发送和消费参与的queue只有一个,则是全局有序;如果多个queue参与,则为分区有序,即相对每个queue,消息都是有序的。

下面用订单进行分区有序的示例。一个订单的顺序流程是:创建、付款、推送、完成。订单号相同的消息会被先后发送到同一个队列中,消费时,同一个OrderId获取到的肯定是同一个队列。



5.2.1 顺序消息生产

/**
 * @desc: Producer,发送顺序消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-15:15
 **/
public class Producer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("please_rename_unique_group_name");

        producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");

        producer.start();

        String[] tags = new String[]{"TagA", "TagC", "TagD"};

        // 订单列表
        List<OrderStep> orderList = new Producer().buildOrders();

        Date date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String dateStr = sdf.format(date);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            // 加个时间前缀
            String body = dateStr + " Hello RocketMQ " + orderList.get(i);
            Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", tags[i % tags.length], "KEY" + i, body.getBytes());

            SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {
                @Override
                public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {
                    Long id = (Long) arg;  //根据订单id选择发送queue
                    long index = id % mqs.size();
                    return mqs.get((int) index);
                }
            }, orderList.get(i).getOrderId());//订单id

            System.out.println(String.format("SendResult status:%s, queueId:%d, body:%s",
                    sendResult.getSendStatus(),
                    sendResult.getMessageQueue().getQueueId(),
                    body));
        }
        producer.shutdown();
    }

    /**
     * 订单的步骤
     */
    @Data
    @ToString
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    private static class OrderStep {
        private long orderId;
        private String desc;
    }

    /**
     * 生成模拟订单数据
     */
    private List<OrderStep> buildOrders() {
        final long order1 = 15103111039L;
        final long order2 = 15103111065L;
        final long order3 = 15103117235L;

        List<OrderStep> orderList = new ArrayList<>();

        OrderStep orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order1).setDesc("order1创建");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order2).setDesc("order2创建");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order1).setDesc("order1付款");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order3).setDesc("order3创建");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order2).setDesc("order2付款");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order3).setDesc("order3付款");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order2).setDesc("order2完成");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order1).setDesc("order1推送");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order3).setDesc("order3完成");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(order1).setDesc("order1完成");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        return orderList;
    }
}



5.2.2 顺序消息消费

/**
 * @desc: 顺序消息消费,带事务方式(应用可控制Offset什么时候提交)
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-15:27
 **/

public class ConsumerInOrder {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("please_rename_unique_group_name_3");
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
        /**
         * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br>
         * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费
         */
        consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
        consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "TagA || TagC || TagD");
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {
            Random random = new Random();
            @Override
            public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) {
                context.setAutoCommit(true);
                for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {
                    // 可以看到每个queue有唯一的consume线程来消费, 订单对每个queue(分区)有序
                    System.out.println("consumeThread=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "queueId=" + msg.getQueueId() + ", content:" + new String(msg.getBody()));
                }
                try {
                    //模拟业务逻辑处理中...
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
            }
        });
        consumer.start();
        System.out.println("Consumer Started.");
    }
}



5.3 延时消息案例



5.3.1 延时消息生产者

/**
 * @desc: 发送延时消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-15:43
 **/
public class ScheduledMessageProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 实例化一个生产者来产生延时消息
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ExampleProducerGroup");
        producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876");
        // 启动生产者
        producer.start();
        int totalMessagesToSend = 100;
        for (int i = 0; i < totalMessagesToSend; i++) {
            Message message = new Message("TopicTest", ("Hello scheduled message " + i).getBytes());
            // 设置延时等级4,这个消息将在30s之后发送(现在只支持固定的几个时间,详看delayTimeLevel)
            message.setDelayTimeLevel(4);
            // 发送消息
            producer.send(message);
        }
        // 关闭生产者
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}



5.3.2 演示消息消费者

/**
 * @desc: 启动消费者等待传入订阅消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-15:43
 **/
public class ScheduledMessageConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 实例化消费者
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ExampleConsumer");
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876");
        // 订阅Topics
        consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*");
        // 注册消息监听者
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
            @Override
            public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> messages, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
                for (MessageExt message : messages) {
                    // Print approximate delay time period
                    System.out.println("Receive message[msgId=" + message.getMsgId() + "] " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - message.getBornTimestamp()) + "ms later");
                }
                return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
            }
        });
        // 启动消费者
        consumer.start();
    }
}



5.3.3 使用场景和限制


(1)使用场景

比如电商里,提交了一个订单就可以发送一个延时消息,1h后去检查这个订单的状态,如果还是未付款就取消订单释放库存。


(2)限制

private String messageDelayLevel = "1s 5s 10s 30s 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 20m 30m 1h 2h";
//等价于  1->1s   2->5s   3->10s ......

现在RocketMq并不支持任意时间的延时,需要设置几个固定的延时等级,从1s到2h分别对应着等级1到18 消息消费失败会进入延时消息队列,消息发送时间与设置的延时等级和重试次数有关,详见代码

SendMessageProcessor.java



5.4 批量消息案例



5.4.1 批量消息生产者

/**
 * @desc: 批量生产
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-16:24
 **/
public class BatchMessageProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 实例化一个生产者来产生延时消息
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("BatchMessageProducerGroup");
        producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
        // 启动生产者
        producer.start();
        String topic = "TopicTest";
        List<Message> messages = new ArrayList<>();
        messages.add(new Message(topic, "TagA", "OrderID001", "Hello world 0".getBytes()));
        messages.add(new Message(topic, "TagA", "OrderID002", "Hello world 1".getBytes()));
        messages.add(new Message(topic, "TagA", "OrderID003", "Hello world 2".getBytes()));
        try {
            producer.send(messages);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            //处理error
        }
        // 关闭生产者
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}



5.4.2 批量消息消费者

/**
 * @desc: 启动消费者等待传入订阅消息
 * @author: YanMingXin
 * @create: 2021/9/14-15:43
 **/
public class BatchMessageConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 实例化消费者
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("BatchMessageConsumer");
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876");
        // 订阅Topics
        consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*");
        // 注册消息监听者
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
            @Override
            public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> messages, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
                for (MessageExt message : messages) {
                    // Print approximate delay time period
                    System.out.println("Receive message[msgId=" + message.getMsgId() + "] " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - message.getBornTimestamp()) + "ms later");
                }
                return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
            }
        });
        // 启动消费者
        consumer.start();
    }
}



5.4.3 消息列表分割

复杂度只有当你发送大批量时才会增长,你可能不确定它是否超过了大小限制(4MB)。这时候你最好把你的消息列表分割一下:

public class ListSplitter implements Iterator<List<Message>> { 
    private final int SIZE_LIMIT = 1024 * 1024 * 4;
    private final List<Message> messages;
    private int currIndex;
    public ListSplitter(List<Message> messages) { 
        this.messages = messages;
    }
    @Override public boolean hasNext() {
        return currIndex < messages.size(); 
    }
    @Override public List<Message> next() { 
        int startIndex = getStartIndex();
        int nextIndex = startIndex;
        int totalSize = 0;
        for (; nextIndex < messages.size(); nextIndex++) {
            Message message = messages.get(nextIndex); 
            int tmpSize = calcMessageSize(message);
            if (tmpSize + totalSize > SIZE_LIMIT) {
                break; 
            } else {
                totalSize += tmpSize; 
            }
        }
        List<Message> subList = messages.subList(startIndex, nextIndex); 
        currIndex = nextIndex;
        return subList;
    }
    private int getStartIndex() {
        Message currMessage = messages.get(currIndex); 
        int tmpSize = calcMessageSize(currMessage); 
        while(tmpSize > SIZE_LIMIT) {
            currIndex += 1;
            Message message = messages.get(curIndex); 
            tmpSize = calcMessageSize(message);
        }
        return currIndex; 
    }
    private int calcMessageSize(Message message) {
        int tmpSize = message.getTopic().length() + message.getBody().length(); 
        Map<String, String> properties = message.getProperties();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
            tmpSize += entry.getKey().length() + entry.getValue().length(); 
        }
        tmpSize = tmpSize + 20; // 增加⽇日志的开销20字节
        return tmpSize; 
    }
}
//把大的消息分裂成若干个小的消息
ListSplitter splitter = new ListSplitter(messages);
while (splitter.hasNext()) {
    try {
        List<Message>  listItem = splitter.next();
        producer.send(listItem);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        //处理error
    }
}

参考:https://github.com/apache/rocketmq/tree/master/docs/cn



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