C#
图像处理
（各种旋转、改变大小、柔化、锐化、雾化、底片、浮雕、黑白、滤镜效果）
一、各种旋转、改变大小
注意：先要添加画图相关的using引用。
//向右旋转图像90°代码如下:
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(“rama.jpg”);//加载图像
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);//填充窗体背景为白色
Point[] destinationPoints = {
new Point(100, 0), // destination for upper-left point of original
new Point(100, 100),// destination for upper-right point of original
new Point(0, 0)}; // destination for lower-left point of original
g.DrawImage(bmp, destinationPoints);
}
//旋转图像180°代码如下:
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(“rama.jpg”);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
Point[] destinationPoints = {
new Point(0, 100), // destination for upper-left point of original
new Point(100, 100),// destination for upper-right point of original
new Point(0, 0)}; // destination for lower-left point of original
g.DrawImage(bmp, destinationPoints);
}
//图像切变代码:
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(“rama.jpg”);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
Point[] destinationPoints = {
new Point(0, 0), // destination for upper-left point of original
new Point(100, 0), // destination for upper-right point of original
new Point(50, 100)};// destination for lower-left point of original
g.DrawImage(bmp, destinationPoints);
}
//图像截取:
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(“rama.jpg”);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
Rectangle sr = new Rectangle(80, 60, 400, 400);//要截取的矩形区域
Rectangle dr = new Rectangle(0, 0, 200, 200);//要显示到Form的矩形区域
g.DrawImage(bmp, dr, sr, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
}
//改变图像大小:
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(“rama.jpg”);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
int width = bmp.Width;
int height = bmp.Height;
// 改变图像大小使用低质量的模式
g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.NearestNeighbor;
g.DrawImage(bmp, new Rectangle(10, 10, 120, 120), // source rectangle
new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), // destination rectangle
GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
// 使用高质量模式
//g.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighSpeed;
g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
g.DrawImage(
bmp,
new Rectangle(130, 10, 120, 120),
new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height),
GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
}
//设置图像的分辩率:
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(“rama.jpg”);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
bmp.SetResolution(300f, 300f);
g.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0);
bmp.SetResolution(1200f, 1200f);
g.DrawImage(bmp, 180, 0);
}
//用GDI+画图
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics gForm = e.Graphics;
gForm.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
for (int i = 1; i <= 7; ++i)
{
//在窗体上面画出橙色的矩形
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(i*40-15, 0, 15,
this.ClientRectangle.Height);
gForm.FillRectangle(Brushes.Orange, r);
}
//在内存中创建一个Bitmap并设置CompositingMode
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(260, 260,
System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
Graphics gBmp = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
gBmp.CompositingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
// 创建一个带有Alpha的红色区域
// 并将其画在内存的位图里面
Color red = Color.FromArgb(0x60, 0xff, 0, 0);
Brush redBrush = new SolidBrush(red);
gBmp.FillEllipse(redBrush, 70, 70, 160, 160);
// 创建一个带有Alpha的绿色区域
Color green = Color.FromArgb(0x40, 0, 0xff, 0);
Brush greenBrush = new SolidBrush(green);
gBmp.FillRectangle(greenBrush, 10, 10, 140, 140);
//在窗体上面画出位图 now draw the bitmap on our window
gForm.DrawImage(bmp, 20, 20, bmp.Width, bmp.Height);
// 清理资源
bmp.Dispose();
gBmp.Dispose();
redBrush.Dispose();
greenBrush.Dispose();
}
//在窗体上面绘图并显示图像
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Pen blackPen = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);
if (ClientRectangle.Height / 10 > 0)
{
for (int y = 0; y < ClientRectangle.Height; y += ClientRectangle.Height / 10)
{
g.DrawLine(blackPen, new Point(0, 0), new Point(ClientRectangle.Width, y));
}
}
blackPen.Dispose();
}
C# 使用Bitmap类进行图片裁剪
在Mapwin（手机游戏地图编辑器）生成的地图txt文件中添加自己需要处理的数据后转换成可在手机（Ophone）开发环境中使用的字节流地图文件的小工具，其中就涉及到图片的裁剪和生成了。有以下几种方式。
方法一：拷贝像素。
当然这种方法是最笨的，效率也就低了些。
在Bitmap类中我们可以看到这样两个方法：GetPixel（int x, int y）和SetPixel（int x, int y, Color color）方法。从字面的含以上就知道前者是获取图像某点像素值，是用Color对象返回的；后者是将已知像素描画到制定的位置。
下面就来做个实例检验下：
1.首先创建一个Windows Form窗体程序，往该窗体上拖放7个PictureBox控件，第一个用于放置并显示原始的大图片，其后6个用于放置并显示裁剪后新生成的6个小图；
2.放置原始大图的PictureBox控件name属性命名为pictureBoxBmpRes，其后pictureBox1到pictureBox6依次命名，并放置在合适的位置；
3.双击Form窗体，然后在Form1_Load事件中加入下面的代码即可。
//导入图像资源
Bitmap bmpRes = null;
String strPath = Application.ExecutablePath;
try{
int nEndIndex = strPath.LastIndexOf(‘//’);
strPath = strPath.Substring(0,nEndIndex) + “//Bmp//BmpResMM.bmp”;
bmpRes = new Bitmap(strPath);
//窗体上显示加载图片
pictureBoxBmpRes.Width = bmpRes.Width;
pictureBoxBmpRes.Height = bmpRes.Height;
pictureBoxBmpRes.Image = bmpRes;
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(“图片资源加载失败！/r/n” + ex.ToString());
}
//裁剪图片(裁成2行3列的6张图片)
int nYClipNum = 2, nXClipNum = 3;
Bitmap[] bmpaClipBmpArr = new Bitmap[nYClipNum * nXClipNum];
for (int nYClipNumIndex = 0; nYClipNumIndex < nYClipNum; nYClipNumIndex++)
{
for (int nXClipNumIndex = 0; nXClipNumIndex < nXClipNum; nXClipNumIndex++)
{
int nClipWidth = bmpRes.Width / nXClipNum;
int nClipHight = bmpRes.Height / nYClipNum;
int nBmpIndex = nXClipNumIndex + nYClipNumIndex * nYClipNum + (nYClipNumIndex > 0?1:0);
bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex] = new Bitmap(nClipWidth, nClipHight);
for(int nY = 0; nY < nClipHight; nY++)
{
for(int nX = 0; nX < nClipWidth; nX++)
{
int nClipX = nX + nClipWidth * nXClipNumIndex;
int nClipY = nY + nClipHight * nYClipNumIndex;
Color cClipPixel = bmpRes.GetPixel(nClipX, nClipY);
bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex].SetPixel(nX, nY, cClipPixel);
}
}
}
}
PictureBox[] picbShow = new PictureBox[nYClipNum * nXClipNum];
picbShow[0] = pictureBox1;
picbShow[1] = pictureBox2;
picbShow[2] = pictureBox3;
picbShow[3] = pictureBox4;
picbShow[4] = pictureBox5;
picbShow[5] = pictureBox6;
for (int nLoop = 0; nLoop < nYClipNum * nXClipNum; nLoop++)
{
picbShow[nLoop].Width = bmpRes.Width / nXClipNum;
picbShow[nLoop].Height = bmpRes.Height / nYClipNum;
picbShow[nLoop].Image = bmpaClipBmpArr[nLoop];
}
现在看看那些地方需要注意的了。其中
int nBmpIndex =
nXClipNumIndex + nYClipNumIndex * nYClipNum +
(nYClipNumIndex > 0?1:0);
这句定义了存储裁剪图片对象在数组中的索引，需要注意的就是后面的(nYClipNumIndex > 0?1:0)——因为只有当裁剪的对象处于第一行以外的行时需要将索引加1；
另外，因为这种方法的效率不高，程序运行起来还是顿了下。如果有兴趣的话，可以将以上的代码放到一个按钮Click事件函数中，当单击该按钮时就可以感觉到了。
方法二：运用Clone函数局部复制。
同样在Bitmap中可以找到Clone（）方法，该方法有三个重载方法。Clone（），Clone（Rectangle， PixelFormat）和Clone（RectangleF， PixelFormat）。第一个方法将创建并返回一个精确的实例对象，后两个就是我们这里需要用的局部裁剪了（其实后两个方法本人觉得用法上差不多）。
将上面的程序稍稍改进下——将裁剪的处理放到一个按钮事件函数中，然后再托一个按钮好窗体上，最后将下面的代码复制到该按钮的事件函数中。
for (int nYClipNumIndex = 0; nYClipNumIndex < nYClipNum; nYClipNumIndex++)
{
for (int nXClipNumIndex = 0; nXClipNumIndex < nXClipNum; nXClipNumIndex++)
{
int nClipWidth = bmpRes.Width / nXClipNum;
int nClipHight = bmpRes.Height / nYClipNum;
int nBmpIndex =
nXClipNumIndex + nYClipNumIndex * nYClipNum + (nYClipNumIndex > 0 ? 1 : 0);
Rectangle rClipRect = new Rectangle(nClipWidth * nXClipNumIndex,
nClipHight * nYClipNumIndex,
nClipWidth,
nClipHight);
bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex] = bmpRes.Clone(rClipRect, bmpRes.PixelFormat);
}
}
运行程序，单击按钮检验下，发现速度明显快可很多。
其实这种方法较第一中方法不同的地方仅只是变换了for循环中的拷贝部分的处理，
Rectangle rClipRect = new Rectangle(nClipWidth * nXClipNumIndex,
nClipHight * nYClipNumIndex,
nClipWidth,
nClipHight);
bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex] = bmpRes.Clone(rClipRect, bmpRes.PixelFormat);
一. 底片效果
原理: GetPixel方法获得每一点像素的值, 然后再使用SetPixel方法将取反后的颜色值设置到对应的点.
效果图:
代码实现:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//以底片效果显示图像
try
{
int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;
int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;
Bitmap newbitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);
Bitmap oldbitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;
Color pixel;
for (int x = 1; x < Width; x++)
{
for (int y = 1; y < Height; y++)
{
int r, g, b;
pixel = oldbitmap.GetPixel(x, y);
r = 255 – pixel.R;
g = 255 – pixel.G;
b = 255 – pixel.B;
newbitmap.SetPixel(x, y, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
}
this.pictureBox1.Image = newbitmap;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, “信息提示”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
}
二. 浮雕效果
原理: 对图像像素点的像素值分别与相邻像素点的像素值相减后加上128, 然后将其作为新的像素点的值.
效果图:
代码实现:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//以浮雕效果显示图像
try
{
int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;
int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;
Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);
Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;
Color pixel1, pixel2;
for (int x = 0; x < Width – 1; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y < Height – 1; y++)
{
int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
pixel1 = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x, y);
pixel2 = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x + 1, y + 1);
r = Math.Abs(pixel1.R – pixel2.R + 128);
g = Math.Abs(pixel1.G – pixel2.G + 128);
b = Math.Abs(pixel1.B – pixel2.B + 128);
if (r > 255)
r = 255;
if (r < 0)
r = 0;
if (g > 255)
g = 255;
if (g < 0)
g = 0;
if (b > 255)
b = 255;
if (b < 0)
b = 0;
newBitmap.SetPixel(x, y, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
}
this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, “信息提示”, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
}
三. 黑白效果
原理: 彩色图像处理成黑白效果通常有3种算法；
(1).最大值法: 使每个像素点的 R, G, B 值等于原像素点的 RGB (颜色值) 中最大的一个；
(2).平均值法: 使用每个像素点的 R,G,B值等于原像素点的RGB值的平均值；
(3).加权平均值法: 对每个像素点的 R, G, B值进行加权
—自认为第三种方法做出来的黑白效果图像最 “真实”.
效果图:
代码实现:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//以黑白效果显示图像
try
{
int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;
int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;
Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);
Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;
Color pixel;
for (int x = 0; x < Width; x++)
for (int y = 0; y < Height; y++)
{
pixel = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x, y);
int r, g, b, Result = 0;
r = pixel.R;
g = pixel.G;
b = pixel.B;
//实例程序以加权平均值法产生黑白图像
int iType =2;
switch (iType)
{
case 0://平均值法
Result = ((r + g + b) / 3);
break;
case 1://最大值法
Result = r > g ? r : g;
Result = Result > b ? Result : b;
break;
case 2://加权平均值法
Result = ((int)(0.7 * r) + (int)(0.2 * g) + (int)(0.1 * b));
break;
}
newBitmap.SetPixel(x, y, Color.FromArgb(Result, Result, Result));
}
this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, “信息提示”);
}
}
四. 柔化效果
原理: 当前像素点与周围像素点的颜色差距较大时取其平均值.
效果图:
代码实现:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//以柔化效果显示图像
try
{
int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;
int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);
Bitmap MyBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;
Color pixel;
//高斯模板
int[] Gauss ={ 1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1 };
for (int x = 1; x < Width – 1; x++)
for (int y = 1; y < Height – 1; y++)
{
int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
int Index = 0;
for (int col = -1; col <= 1; col++)
for (int row = -1; row <= 1; row++)
{
pixel = MyBitmap.GetPixel(x + row, y + col);
r += pixel.R * Gauss[Index];
g += pixel.G * Gauss[Index];
b += pixel.B * Gauss[Index];
Index++;
}
r /= 16;
g /= 16;
b /= 16;
//处理颜色值溢出
r = r > 255 ? 255 : r;
r = r < 0 ? 0 : r;
g = g > 255 ? 255 : g;
g = g < 0 ? 0 : g;
b = b > 255 ? 255 : b;
b = b < 0 ? 0 : b;
bitmap.SetPixel(x – 1, y – 1, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
this.pictureBox1.Image = bitmap;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, “信息提示”);
}
}
五.锐化效果
原理:突出显示颜色值大(即形成形体边缘)的像素点.
效果图:
实现代码:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//以锐化效果显示图像
try
{
int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;
int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;
Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);
Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;
Color pixel;
//拉普拉斯模板
int[] Laplacian ={ -1, -1, -1, -1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
for (int x = 1; x < Width – 1; x++)
for (int y = 1; y < Height – 1; y++)
{
int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
int Index = 0;
for (int col = -1; col <= 1; col++)
for (int row = -1; row <= 1; row++)
{
pixel = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x + row, y + col); r += pixel.R * Laplacian[Index];
g += pixel.G * Laplacian[Index];
b += pixel.B * Laplacian[Index];
Index++;
}
//处理颜色值溢出
r = r > 255 ? 255 : r;
r = r < 0 ? 0 : r;
g = g > 255 ? 255 : g;
g = g < 0 ? 0 : g;
b = b > 255 ? 255 : b;
b = b < 0 ? 0 : b;
newBitmap.SetPixel(x – 1, y – 1, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, “信息提示”);
}
}
六. 雾化效果
原理: 在图像中引入一定的随机值, 打乱图像中的像素值
效果图:
实现代码:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//以雾化效果显示图像
try
{
int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;
int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;
Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);
Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;
Color pixel;
for (int x = 1; x < Width – 1; x++)
for (int y = 1; y < Height – 1; y++)
{
System.Random MyRandom = new Random();
int k = MyRandom.Next(123456);
//像素块大小
int dx = x + k % 19;
int dy = y + k % 19;
if (dx >= Width)
dx = Width – 1;
if (dy >= Height)
dy = Height – 1;
pixel = oldBitmap.GetPixel(dx, dy);
newBitmap.SetPixel(x, y, pixel);
}
this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, “信息提示”);
}
}
浅谈
Visual C#
进行图像处理
作者：彭军
http://pengjun.org.cn
这里之所以说“浅谈”是因为我这里只是简单的介绍如何使用Visual C#进行图像的读入、保存以及对像素的访问。而不涉及太多的算法。
一、读入图像
在Visual C#中我们可以使用一个Picture Box控件来显示图片，如下：
private void btnOpenImage_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();
ofd.Filter = “BMP Files(*.bmp)|*.bmp|JPG Files(*.jpg;*.jpeg)|*.jpg;*.jpeg|All Files(*.*)|*.*”;
ofd.CheckFileExists = true;
ofd.CheckPathExists = true;
if (ofd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
//pbxShowImage.ImageLocation = ofd.FileName;
bmp = new Bitmap(ofd.FileName);
if (bmp==null)
{
MessageBox.Show(“加载图片失败!”, “错误”);
return;
}
pbxShowImage.Image = bmp;
ofd.Dispose();
}
}
其中bmp为类的一个对象：private Bitmap bmp=null;
在使用Bitmap类和BitmapData类之前，需要使用using System.Drawing.Imaging;
二、保存图像
private void btnSaveImage_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (bmp == null) return;
SaveFileDialog sfd = new SaveFileDialog();
sfd.Filter = “BMP Files(*.bmp)|*.bmp|JPG Files(*.jpg;*.jpeg)|*.jpg;*.jpeg|All Files(*.*)|*.*”;
if (sfd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
pbxShowImage.Image.Save(sfd.FileName);
MessageBox.Show(“保存成功!”,”提示”);
sfd.Dispose();
}
}
三、对像素的访问
我们可以来建立一个GrayBitmapData类来做相关的处理。整个类的程序如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace ImageElf
{
class GrayBitmapData
{
public byte[,] Data;//保存像素矩阵
public int Width;//图像的宽度
public int Height;//图像的高度
public GrayBitmapData()
{
this.Width = 0;
this.Height = 0;
this.Data = null;
}
public GrayBitmapData(Bitmap bmp)
{
BitmapData bmpData = bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
this.Width = bmpData.Width;
this.Height = bmpData.Height;
Data = new byte[Height, Width];
unsafe
{
byte* ptr = (byte*)bmpData.Scan0.ToPointer();
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
//将24位的RGB彩色图转换为灰度图
int temp = (int)(0.114 * (*ptr++)) + (int)(0.587 * (*ptr++))+(int)(0.299 * (*ptr++));
Data[i, j] = (byte)temp;
}
ptr += bmpData.Stride – Width * 3;//指针加上填充的空白空间
}
}
bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);
}
public GrayBitmapData(string path)
: this(new Bitmap(path))
{
}
public Bitmap ToBitmap()
{
Bitmap bmp=new Bitmap(Width,Height,PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
BitmapData bmpData=bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0,0,Width,Height),ImageLockMode.WriteOnly,PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
unsafe
{
byte* ptr=(byte*)bmpData.Scan0.ToPointer();
for(int i=0;i<Height;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<Width;j++)
{
*(ptr++)=Data[i,j];
*(ptr++)=Data[i,j];
*(ptr++)=Data[i,j];
}
ptr+=bmpData.Stride-Width*3;
}
}
bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);
return bmp;
}
public void ShowImage(PictureBox pbx)
{
Bitmap b = this.ToBitmap();
pbx.Image = b;
//b.Dispose();
}
public void SaveImage(string path)
{
Bitmap b=ToBitmap();
b.Save(path);
//b.Dispose();
}
//均值滤波
public void AverageFilter(int windowSize)
{
if (windowSize % 2 == 0)
{
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int g = -(windowSize – 1) / 2; g <= (windowSize – 1) / 2; g++)
{
for (int k = -(windowSize – 1) / 2; k <= (windowSize – 1) / 2; k++)
{
int a = i + g, b = j + k;
if (a < 0) a = 0;
if (a > Height – 1) a = Height – 1;
if (b < 0) b = 0;
if (b > Width – 1) b = Width – 1;
sum += Data[a, b];
}
}
Data[i,j]=(byte)(sum/(windowSize*windowSize));
}
}
}
//中值滤波
public void MidFilter(int windowSize)
{
if (windowSize % 2 == 0)
{
return;
}
int[] temp = new int[windowSize * windowSize];
byte[,] newdata = new byte[Height, Width];
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
int n = 0;
for (int g = -(windowSize – 1) / 2; g <= (windowSize – 1) / 2; g++)
{
for (int k = -(windowSize – 1) / 2; k <= (windowSize – 1) / 2; k++)
{
int a = i + g, b = j + k;
if (a < 0) a = 0;
if (a > Height – 1) a = Height – 1;
if (b < 0) b = 0;
if (b > Width – 1) b = Width – 1;
temp[n++]= Data[a, b];
}
}
newdata[i, j] = GetMidValue(temp,windowSize*windowSize);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
Data[i, j] = newdata[i, j];
}
}
}
//获得一个向量的中值
private byte GetMidValue(int[] t, int length)
{
int temp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length – 2; i++)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < length – 1; j++)
{
if (t[i] > t[j])
{
temp = t[i];
t[i] = t[j];
t[j] = temp;
}
}
}
return (byte)t[(length – 1) / 2];
}
//一种新的滤波方法，是亮的更亮、暗的更暗
public void NewFilter(int windowSize)
{
if (windowSize % 2 == 0)
{
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int g = -(windowSize – 1) / 2; g <= (windowSize – 1) / 2; g++)
{
for (int k = -(windowSize – 1) / 2; k <= (windowSize – 1) / 2; k++)
{
int a = i + g, b = j + k;
if (a < 0) a = 0;
if (a > Height – 1) a = Height – 1;
if (b < 0) b = 0;
if (b > Width – 1) b = Width – 1;
sum += Data[a, b];
}
}
double avg = (sum+0.0) / (windowSize * windowSize);
if (avg / 255 < 0.5)
{
Data[i, j] = (byte)(2 * avg / 255 * Data[i, j]);
}
else
{
Data[i,j]=(byte)((1-2*(1-avg/255.0)*(1-Data[i,j]/255.0))*255);
}
}
}
}
//直方图均衡
public void HistEqual()
{
double[] num = new double[256] ;
for(int i=0;i<256;i++) num[i]=0;
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
num[Data[i, j]]++;
}
}
double[] newGray = new double[256];
double n = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
n += num[i];
newGray[i] = n * 255 / (Height * Width);
}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
Data[i,j]=(byte)newGray[Data[i,j]];
}
}
}
}
}
在GrayBitmapData类中，只要我们对一个二维数组Data进行一系列的操作就是对图片的操作处理。在窗口上，我们可以使用
一个按钮来做各种调用：
//均值滤波
private void btnAvgFilter_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (bmp == null) return;
GrayBitmapData gbmp = new GrayBitmapData(bmp);
gbmp.AverageFilter(3);
gbmp.ShowImage(pbxShowImage);
}
//转换为灰度图
private void btnToGray_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (bmp == null) return;
GrayBitmapData gbmp = new GrayBitmapData(bmp);
gbmp.ShowImage(pbxShowImage);
}
四、总结
在Visual c#中对图像进行处理或访问，需要先建立一个Bitmap对象，然后通过其LockBits方法来获得一个BitmapData类的对象，然后通过获得其像素数据的首地址来对Bitmap对象的像素数据进行操作。当然，一种简单但是速度慢的方法是用Bitmap类的GetPixel和SetPixel方法。其中BitmapData类的Stride属性为每行像素所占的字节。
C# colorMatrix
对图片的处理 : 亮度调整 抓屏 翻转 随鼠标画矩形
1.图片亮度处理
private
void
btn_Grap_Click
(
object
sender
,
EventArgs
e
)
{
//
亮度百分比
int
percent
= 50;
Single
v
= 0.006F *
percent
;
Single
[][]
matrix
= {
new
Single
[] { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
new
Single
[] { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
new
Single
[] { 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 },
new
Single
[] { 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 },
new
Single
[] {
v
,
v
,
v
, 0, 1 }
};
System
.
Drawing
.
Imaging
.
ColorMatrix
cm
=
new
System
.
Drawing
.
Imaging
.
ColorMatrix
(
matrix
);
System
.
Drawing
.
Imaging
.
ImageAttributes
attr
=
new
System
.
Drawing
.
Imaging
.
ImageAttributes
();
attr
.
SetColorMatrix
(
cm
);
//Image tmp
Image
tmp
=
Image
.
FromFile
(
“1.png”
);
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
Image
=
Image
.
FromFile
(
“1.png”
);
Graphics
g
=
Graphics
.
FromImage
(
tmp
);
try
{
Rectangle
destRect
=
new
Rectangle
(0, 0,
tmp
.
Width
,
tmp
.
Height
);
g
.
DrawImage
(
tmp
,
destRect
, 0, 0,
tmp
.
Width
,
tmp
.
Height
,
GraphicsUnit
.
Pixel
,
attr
);
}
finally
{
g
.
Dispose
();
}
this
.
pictureBox_Dest
.
Image
= (
Image
)
tmp
.
Clone
();
}
2.抓屏将生成的图片显示在pictureBox
private
void
btn_Screen_Click
(
object
sender
,
EventArgs
e
)
{
Image
myImage
=
new
Bitmap
(
Screen
.
PrimaryScreen
.
Bounds
.
Width
,
Screen
.
PrimaryScreen
.
Bounds
.
Height
);
Graphics
g
=
Graphics
.
FromImage
(
myImage
);
g
.
CopyFromScreen
(
new
Point
(0, 0),
new
Point
(0, 0),
new
Size
(
Screen
.
PrimaryScreen
.
Bounds
.
Width
,
Screen
.
PrimaryScreen
.
Bounds
.
Height
));
//
IntPtr
dc1
=
g
.
GetHdc
();
//此处这两句多余，具体看最后GetHdc()定义
//
g
.
ReleaseHdc
(
dc1
);
g
.
Dispose
();
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
SizeMode
=
PictureBoxSizeMode
.
StretchImage
;
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
Image
=
myImage
;
myImage
.
Save
(
“Screen”
,
ImageFormat
.
Png
);
}
3.翻转
private
void
btn_RotateFlip_Click
(
object
sender
,
EventArgs
e
)
{
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
Image
=
Image
.
FromFile
(
“1.png”
);
Image
tmp
=
Image
.
FromFile
(
“1.png”
);
tmp
.
RotateFlip
(
RotateFlipType
.
Rotate90FlipNone
);
this
.
pictureBox_Dest
.
Image
=
tmp
;
}
4.跟随鼠标在 pictureBox的图片上画矩形
private
int
intStartX
= 0;
private
int
intStartY
= 0;
private
bool
isMouseDraw
=
false
;
private
void
pictureBox_Src_MouseDown
(
object
sender
,
MouseEventArgs
e
)
{
isMouseDraw
=
true
;
intStartX
=
e
.
X
;
intStartY
=
e
.
Y
;
}
private
void
pictureBox_Src_MouseMove
(
object
sender
,
MouseEventArgs
e
)
{
if
(
isMouseDraw
)
{
try
{
//Image tmp = Image.FromFile(“1.png”);
Graphics
g
=
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
CreateGraphics
();
//
清空上次画下的痕迹
g
.
Clear
(
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
BackColor
);
Brush
brush
=
new
SolidBrush
(
Color
.
Red
);
Pen
pen
=
new
Pen
(
brush
, 1);
pen
.
DashStyle
=
DashStyle
.
Solid
;
g
.
DrawRectangle
(
pen
,
new
Rectangle
(
intStartX
>
e
.
X
?
e
.
X
:
intStartX
,
intStartY
>
e
.
Y
?
e
.
Y
:
intStartY
,
Math
.
Abs
(
e
.
X
–
intStartX
),
Math
.
Abs
(
e
.
Y
–
intStartY
)));
g
.
Dispose
();
//this.pictureBox_Src.Image = tmp;
}
catch
(
Exception
ex
)
{
ex
.
ToString
();
}
}
}
private
void
pictureBox_Src_MouseUp
(
object
sender
,
MouseEventArgs
e
)
{
isMouseDraw
=
false
;
intStartX
= 0;
intStartY
= 0;
}
5.取灰度
private
void
btn_GetGray_Click
(
object
sender
,
EventArgs
e
)
{
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
Image
=
Image
.
FromFile
(
“1.png”
);
Bitmap
currentBitmap
=
new
Bitmap
(
this
.
pictureBox_Src
.
Image
);
Graphics
g
=
Graphics
.
FromImage
(
currentBitmap
);
ImageAttributes
ia
=
new
ImageAttributes
();
float
[][]
colorMatrix
= {
new
float
[] {0.299f, 0.299f, 0.299f, 0, 0},
new
float
[] {0.587f, 0.587f, 0.587f, 0, 0},
new
float
[] {0.114f, 0.114f, 0.114f, 0, 0},
new
float
[] {0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
new
float
[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}
};
ColorMatrix
cm
=
new
ColorMatrix
(
colorMatrix
);
ia
.
SetColorMatrix
(
cm
,
ColorMatrixFlag
.
Default
,
ColorAdjustType
.
Bitmap
);
g
.
DrawImage
(
currentBitmap
,
new
Rectangle
(0, 0,
currentBitmap
.
Width
,
currentBitmap
.
Height
), 0, 0,
currentBitmap
.
Width
,
currentBitmap
.
Height
,
GraphicsUnit
.
Pixel
,
ia
);
this
.
pictureBox_Dest
.
Image
= (
Image
)(
currentBitmap
.
Clone
());
g
.
Dispose
();
}
Graphics.GetHdc 方法
.NET Framework 4
获取与此
Graphics
关联的设备上下文的句柄。
命名空间：
System.Drawing
程序集：
System.Drawing（在 System.Drawing.dll 中）
[SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags =
SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
public IntPtr GetHdc()
返回值
类型：
System.IntPtr
与此
Graphics
关联的设备上下文的句柄。
实现
设备上下文是一个基于 GDI 的 Windows 结构，它定义一组图形对象及其关联的特性，以及影响输出的图形模式。 此方法返回该设备上下文（字体除外）。由于未选择字体，使用 GetHdc 方法返回的句柄对
FromHdc
方法进行调用将会失败。
GetHdc 方法调用和
ReleaseHdc
方法调用必须成对出现。 在 GetHdc 和
ReleaseHdc
方法对的范围内，通常仅调用 GDI 函数。 在该范围内对
Graphics
（它产生
hdc
参数）的 GDI+ 方法的调用因 ObjectBusy 错误而失败。 此外，GDI+ 忽略后续操作中对
hdc
参数的
Graphics
所做的所有状态更改。
下面的代码示例设计为与 Windows 窗体一起使用，它需要
PaintEventArgs
e
，即
Paint
事件处理程序的一个参数。 该示例演示如何调用 Windows GDI 函数以执行与 GDI+
Graphics
方法相同的任务。 代码执行下列操作：
-
为 Windows DLL 文件 gdi32.dll 定义互操作性
DllImportAttribute
特性。 此 DLL 包含所需的 GDI 函数。
-
将该 DLL 中的
Rectangle
函数定义为外部函数。
-
创建一支红色钢笔。
-
利用该钢笔，使用 GDI+
DrawRectangle
方法将矩形绘制到屏幕。
-
定义内部指针类型变量
hdc
并将它的值设置为窗体的设备上下文句柄。
-
使用 GDI
Rectangle
函数将矩形绘制到屏幕。
释放由
hdc
参数表示的设备上下文。
public class GDI
{
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport(“gdi32.dll”)]
internal static extern bool Rectangle(
IntPtr hdc,
int ulCornerX, int ulCornerY,
int lrCornerX, int lrCornerY);
}
[System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermission(
System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags =
System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
private void GetHdcForGDI1(PaintEventArgs e)
{
// Create pen.
Pen redPen = new Pen(Color.Red, 1);
// Draw rectangle with GDI+.
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(redPen, 10, 10, 100, 50);
// Get handle to device context.
IntPtr hdc = e.Graphics.GetHdc();
// Draw rectangle with GDI using default pen.
GDI.Rectangle(hdc, 10, 70, 110, 120);
// Release handle to device context.
e.Graphics.ReleaseHdc(hdc);
}