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爬虫开发–常见问题解决方法

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  • Post category:其他



常见问题解决方法：


1、

爬虫代码报错：Max retries exceeded with url


具体报错信息：


“requests.exceptions.

SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool

(host=’www.qiushibaike.com’, port=443):

Max retries exceeded with url

: /imgrank/page/4/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, ‘EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1124)’)))”


报错原因和解决方法分析


1）http连接太多没有关闭导致的



解决方法：

设置重连次数，发送请求前，关闭多余连接；
 

import requests
requests.adapters.DEFAULT_RETRIES = 5 # 增加重连次数
s = requests.session()
s.keep_alive = False # 关闭多余连接
s.get(url) # 你需要的网址


2）访问次数频繁，被禁止访问



解决方法：

使用代理

查找代理的网址：http://ip.zdaye.com/shanghai_ip.html#Free 

import requests
s = requests.session()
url = "https://mail.163.com/"
s.proxies = {"https": "47.100.104.247:8080", "http": "36.248.10.47:8080", }
s.headers = header
s.get(url)



使用代理时需注意：

  • 代理分为

    http和https

    两种，

    不能用混

    ，如果把http的代理用作https也是会报上面的错误;
  • 上面的

    代理以字典格式

    传入，例如上面的例子，可以是“47.100.104.247:8080”这种格式，也可以是“https://47.100.104.247:8080”这种格式；
  • 如果

    代理不可用

    一样会报上面的错误。


以下方法判断代理是否可用：
 

import requests
s = requests.session()
url = "https://mail.163.com/"
s.keep_alive = False
s.proxies = {"https": "47.100.104.247:8080", "http": "36.248.10.47:8080", }
s.headers = header
r = s.get(url)
print r.status_code  # 如果代理可用则正常访问，不可用报以上错误

2、代码报错：

AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘extend’


具体报错信息：

AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘extend’ 或者AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘append’

原因：这两种方法都是没有返回值的，也就是返回的是NoneType类型，而NoneType数据再次调用extend或者append方法时就会报上面的error。



错误写法：

将extend的返回值赋值给aa，导致aa此时成为NoneType类型



正确写法：



直接使用，不用返回值

3、反爬表现：在使用python爬虫的时候，请求只返回一段js代码的html页面；

<html><script>
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function setCookie(name,value){var expiredate=new Date();expiredate.setTime(expiredate.getTime()+(3600*1000));document.cookie=name+"="+value+";expires="+expiredate.toGMTString()+";max-age=3600;path=/";}
function reload(x) {setCookie("acw_sc__v2", x);document.location.reload();}
</script></html>

4、etree解析HTML报错

lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError


报错信息：lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError: Opening and ending tag mismatch: meta line 4 and head, line 6, column 8

原因：html代码书写不规范，不符合xml解析器的使用规范，导致报错；

解决：自己创建解析器，同时增加parser参数

parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding=”utf-8″)

tree = etree.parse(local_file_path, parser=parser) 

# 加载本地html文件
from lxml import etree

# 加载本地html，实例化etree对象
local_file_path = './test3.html'
parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding="utf-8")
tree = etree.parse(local_file_path, parser=parser)  # 加载本地的html内容到etree对象
print(type(tree))  # <class 'lxml.etree._ElementTree'>
print(tree)  # <lxml.etree._ElementTree object at 0x0000019C52F16DC0>

5、使用代理IP访问时，遇见的错误


1）报错：Cannot connect to proxy，Remote end closed connection without response


具体报错信息：

HTTPConnectionPool(host=’1.198.177.74′, port=4225): Max retries exceeded with url: http://www.ixiunv.com/ (Caused by ProxyError(‘Cannot connect to proxy.’, RemoteDisconnected(‘Remote end closed connection without response’)))

2）报错：


具体报错信息：

requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError: (“Connection broken: ConnectionResetError(10054, ‘远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。’, None, 10054, None)”, 　　　　　　ConnectionResetError(10054, ‘远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。’, None, 10054, None))

问题来源：该地址 在抓取验证过程中人被判定为有效，但是在使用的时候已经超过生命周期

requests.exceptions.ProxyError: HTTPConnectionPool(host=’1.198.177.74′, port=4225): Max retries exceeded with url: http://www.ixiunv.com/ (Caused by ProxyError(‘Cannot connect to proxy.’, ConnectionResetError(10054, ‘远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。’, None, 10054, None)))

3）报错：


具体报错信息：

requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=’119.139.198.65′, port=3128): Max retries exceeded with url: http://icanhazip.com/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(“bad handshake: Error([(‘SSL routines’, ‘ssl3_get_record’, ‘wrong version number’)])”)))

问题来源：使用的IP地址 是Http类型的  没有进行SSL加密

解决：更换IP   来源 ：https://www.xicidaili.com/  ；https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/

4）报错：


具体报错信息：

requests.exceptions.ProxyError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=’47.104.172.108′, port=8118): Max retries exceeded with url: http://icanhazip.com/ (Caused by 　　　　　　　　ProxyError(‘Cannot connect to proxy.’, OSError(‘Tunnel connection failed: 503 Too many open connections’)))

部分）问题来源：ip和HTTP类型但是强行使用https协议


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