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linux下，源码的安装之 ./configure –prefix –with解释

linux下，源码的安装一般由3个步骤组成：配置（configure）、编译（make）、安装（make install）。

过程中用到

./configure –prefix  –with；其中–prefix指的是安装路径，–with指的是安装本文件所依赖的库文件

with：指定依赖

–with-依赖包名称=依赖包目录

–with-apxs 是指定 apache 的配置程序路径，php编译程序会通过这个程序查找apache的相关路径

–with-libxml-dir 指向的是 libxml 的库路径

–with-gd 指静态编译gd库

–with-png-dir 指定 libpng 的路径

综上所述，带着-dir的一般是用于指定库文件路径，没有的话可能是启用某些特性或者指向某特定路径。

———–

安装httpd时，进行指定安装，用到./configure –prefix

具体解释：.表示当前目录。/是目录分隔符。合起来就是当前目录下指定安装路径。

如果不指定prefix，则可执行文件默认放在/usr/local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc。其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share。

你要卸载这个程序，要么在原来的make目录下用一次make uninstall（前提是make文件指定过uninstall）,要么去上述目录里面把相关的文件一个个手工删掉。

指定prefix，直接删掉一个文件夹就够了。

（把安装路径配置为根目录。你接下来运行make和make install后，就可以在根目录下找到所安装的文件。）

备注：

./configure的作用是检测系统配置，生成makefile文件，以便你可以用make和make install来编译和安装程序。

./configure是

源代码

安装的第一步，主要的作用是对即将安装的软件进行配置，检查当前的环境是否满足要安装软件的依赖关系，但并不是所有的tar包都是

源代码

的包，

你先ls，看有没有configure或者makefile文件。

如果有configure，就./configure，有很多参数，看楼下的吧。如果系统环境合适，就会生成makefile，否则会报错。

如果有makefile，就直接make，然后make install。

你还可以用rpm或者deb包来安装。而且现在的发行版都有自己的包管理器，比如apt或yum，一个命令就可以从源下载软件，还可以自动解决依赖问题。

configure详细命令参数：

$ ./configure -h

`configure’ configures python 3.7 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]… [VAR=VALUE]…

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS…), specify them as

VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:

-h, –help              display this help and exit

–help=short        display options specific to this package

–help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages

-V, –version           display version information and exit

-q, –quiet, –silent   do not print `checking …’ messages

–cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]

-C, –config-cache      alias for `–cache-file=config.cache’

-n, –no-create         do not create output files

–srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..’]

Installation directories:

–prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX

[/usr/local]

–exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX

[PREFIX]

By default, `make install’ will install all the files in

`/usr/local/bin’, `/usr/local/lib’ etc.  You can specify

an installation prefix other than `/usr/local’ using `–prefix’,

for instance `–prefix=$HOME’.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:

–bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]

–sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]

–libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]

–sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]

–sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]

–localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]

–libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]

–includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]

–oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]

–datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]

–datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]

–infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]

–localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]

–mandir=DIR            man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]

–docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/python]

–htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]

–dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]

–pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]

–psdir=DIR             ps documentation [DOCDIR]

System types:

–build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]

–host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

Optional Features:

–disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized –enable/–with options

–disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as –enable-FEATURE=no)

–enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]

–enable-universalsdk[=SDKDIR]

Build fat binary against Mac OS X SDK

–enable-framework[=INSTALLDIR]

Build (MacOSX|Darwin) framework

–enable-shared         disable/enable building shared python library

–enable-profiling      enable C-level code profiling

–enable-optimizations  Enable expensive, stable optimizations (PGO, etc).

Disabled by default.

–enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions

support loadable extensions in _sqlite module

–enable-ipv6           Enable ipv6 (with ipv4) support

–disable-ipv6          Disable ipv6 support

–enable-big-digits[=BITS]

use big digits for Python longs [[BITS=30]]

Optional Packages:

–with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]

–without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as –with-PACKAGE=no)

–with-universal-archs=ARCH

select architectures for universal build (“32-bit”,

“64-bit”, “3-way”, “intel”, “intel-32”, “intel-64”,

or “all”)

–with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK

specify an alternate name of the framework built

with –enable-framework

–without-gcc           never use gcc

–with-icc              build with icc

–with-cxx-main=<compiler>

compile main() and link python executable with C++

compiler

–with-suffix=.exe      set executable suffix

–with-pydebug          build with Py_DEBUG defined

–with-assertions       build with C assertions enabled

–with-lto              Enable Link Time Optimization in any build. Disabled

by default.

–with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash24]

select hash algorithm

–with-address-sanitizer

enable AddressSanitizer (asan)

–with-memory-sanitizer enable MemorySanitizer (msan)

–with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer

enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (ubsan)

–with-libs=’lib1 …’  link against additional libs

–with-system-expat     build pyexpat module using an installed expat

library

–with-system-ffi       build _ctypes module using an installed ffi library

–with-system-libmpdec  build _decimal module using an installed libmpdec

library

–with-decimal-contextvar

build _decimal module using a coroutine-local rather

than a thread-local context (default is yes)

–with-tcltk-includes=’-I…’

override search for Tcl and Tk include files

–with-tcltk-libs=’-L…’

override search for Tcl and Tk libs

–with-dbmliborder=db1:db2:…

order to check db backends for dbm. Valid value is a

colon separated string with the backend names

`ndbm’, `gdbm’ and `bdb’.

–with(out)-doc-strings disable/enable documentation strings

–with(out)-pymalloc    disable/enable specialized mallocs

–with(out)-c-locale-coercion

disable/enable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based

locale

–with-valgrind         Enable Valgrind support

–with(out)-dtrace      disable/enable DTrace support

–with-libm=STRING      math library

–with-libc=STRING      C library

–with(out)-computed-gotos

Use computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by

default on supported compilers)

–with(out)-ensurepip=[=upgrade]

“install” or “upgrade” using bundled pip

–with-openssl=DIR      root of the OpenSSL directory

–with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]

Override default cipher suites string, python: use

Python’s preferred selection (default), openssl:

leave OpenSSL’s defaults untouched, STRING: use a

custom string, PROTOCOL_SSLv2 ignores the setting

Some influential environment variables:

MACHDEP     name for machine-dependent library files

CC          C compiler command

CFLAGS      C compiler flags

LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a

nonstandard directory <lib dir>

LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>

CPPFLAGS    (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if

you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>

CPP         C preprocessor

PKG_CONFIG  path to pkg-config utility

PKG_CONFIG_PATH

directories to add to pkg-config’s search path

PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR

path overriding pkg-config’s built-in search path

Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure’ or to help

it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.