双机热备

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双机热备

两台或多台设备实现业务不间断(高可用)和负载均衡



华为防火墙双机热备模式

热备模式:提供高可用,仅活跃设备转发数据,其他设备起备份作用

负载均衡模式:同时间,多台设备都转发数据,互作主备



VRRP

虚拟路由冗余协议,公有协议

协议号 112

组播地址:224.0.0.18

基本概念:

vrrp路由器:vrrp组的成员设备

虚拟路由器:虚拟出的虚拟网关

vrid:vrrp组号

虚拟ip地址:标识虚拟路由器ip地址

虚拟mac地址:提供客户端访问虚拟网关的方式

IP拥有者:vrrp组中,拥有虚拟ip地址的设备

优先级:vrrp用来竞选活跃设备,高者优先,0-255(0系统保留,255代表虚拟ip)

抢占模式:相当于思科hsrp的占先权,主动竞选,立刻进行

非抢占模式:保持当前环境,但到下一次选举时(重启或断电),才会竞选



VRRP和HSRP的区别

​ vrrp公有,hsrp思科私有

​ vrrp的虚拟ip可以是成员ip,hsrp不可以

​ vrrp虚拟mac:00-00-5e-00-01-vrid,hsrp虚拟mac:00-00-0c-07-ac-组号

​ vrrp状态有三个:初始、活跃、备份,hsrp状态有六个:初始、学习、监听、发言、备份、活跃

​ vrrp报文:只有一种,通告报文(主路由器发,选举或检测备份路由);hsrp有三种报文

​ vrrp不支持接口追踪,hsrp支持



vrrp角色

​ master:活跃设备,转发数据

​ backup:备份设备,冗余备份



vrrp状态

​ 初始:initialize,刚配置vrrp的设备处于该状态,接口故障时设备也会变成初始

​ 活跃:master,主路由器,转发数据,定时(1s)发送通告报文

​ 备份:backup,不转发数据,仅接收通告报文



vrrp工作原理

​ 选优先级高者当master;如果优先级相同,则比较ip地址,大者为master

​ vrrp默认接口优先级为100,取值0-255,如果配置成活跃,优先级自动变成255

​ 通告时间:1s 保持时间:3s (保持为通告的三倍时间)

VGMP:vrrp组管理协议

把多个vrrp组整理成一个大组,统一实现故障切换

任一成员接口故障,本设备所有组全部切换成backup状态

vgmp默认优先级:45000 故障时减2



双机热备的备份方式

​ 自动备份:master的配置和状态信息,自动同步到backup

​ 手工批量备份:主备无法自动同步,手动命令备份

​ 快速备份:仅用于负载均衡模式,不同步配置,仅同步状态



vrrp配置命令

​ 开启热备:hrp enable

​ 自动备份:hrp auto-sync

​ 手工备份:hrp sync [config|connection-status]

​ 快速备份:hrp mirror session enable



练习

在这里插入图片描述



一、基础设置:各个设备ip、路由设置



1.fw1设置

undo info enable
[FW1]int g1/0/2
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.101 24
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]int g1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.1 24
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]int g1/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.101 24
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit
[FW1]firewall zone trust
[FW1-zone-trust]add int g1/0/2
[FW1-zone-trust]firewall zone  dmz
[FW1-zone-dmz]add int g1/0/1
[FW1-zone-dmz]firewall zone untrust
[FW1-zone-untrust]add int g1/0/0
[FW1-zone-untrust]quit
[FW1]



2.fw2设置

[FW2]int  g1/0/2
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.102 24
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]int g1/0/1
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.2 24
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]int g1/0/0
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.102 24
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit
[FW2]firewall zone trust
[FW2-zone-trust]add int g1/0/2
[FW2-zone-trust]firewall zone dmz
[FW2-zone-dmz]add int g1/0/1
[FW2-zone-dmz]firewall zone untrust
[FW2-zone-untrust]add int g1/0/0
[FW2-zone-untrust]quit



二、配置安全策略

[FW1]security-policy 
[FW1-policy-security]rule name permit_heat
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]source-zone local
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]destination-zone dmz
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]action permit
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]quit
[FW1-policy-security]quit
[FW1-policy-security]rule name permit_trust_untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]source-zone trust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]destination-zone untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]action permit
[FW1-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]quit
[FW1-policy-security]quit
[FW1]
[FW2]security-policy
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_hea]rule name permit_heat
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]source-zone local
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]destination-zone dmz
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]action permit
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_heat]quit
[FW2-policy-security]rule name  permit_trust_untrust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]source-zone trust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]destination-zone untrust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]action permit
[FW2-policy-security-rule-permit_trust_untrust]quit
[FW2-policy-security]quit
[FW2]



三、配置vrrp备份组

[FW1]int g1/0/2
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.100 active
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit
[FW1]int g1/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip  10.1.1.100 active
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit
[FW2]int g1/0/2
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip  192.168.1.100 standby
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit
[FW2]int g1/0/0
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.1.1.100 standby 
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit



四、配置心跳线

[FW1]hrp int g1/0/1 remote 172.16.1.2
[FW2]hrp int g1/0/1 remote 172.16.1.1



五、启用双机热备

[FW1]hrp enable
[FW2]hrp enable



六、配置备份方式

HRP_S[FW1]hrp auto-sync
HRP_S[FW2]hrp auto-sync



七、配置路由器ip和静态路由

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 100.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.100



八、配置防火墙的默认路由

[FW1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1
[FW2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1



九、配置检查及验证



1)查看双机热备的状态信息

HRP_M[FW1]disp hrp  state
 Role: active, peer: standby
 Running priority: 45000, peer: 45000
 Core state: normal, peer: normal
 Backup channel usage: 0.00%
 Stable time: 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
 Last state change information: 2018-12-02 4:26:23 HRP core state changed, old_s
tate = abnormal(active), new_state = normal, local_priority = 45000, peer_priori
ty = 45000.



2)查看心跳状态

HRP_M[FW1]disp hrp  interface
             GigabitEthernet1/0/1 : running

HRP_M[FW1]



3)在pc1上pingpc2

在这里插入图片描述



4)查看安全规则和会话表

HRP_M[FW1]disp firewall session table
 Current Total Sessions : 6
 icmp  VPN: public --> public  192.168.1.1:55392 --> 10.1.1.1:2048
 icmp  VPN: public --> public  192.168.1.1:54624 --> 10.1.1.1:2048
 icmp  VPN: public --> public  192.168.1.1:55136 --> 10.1.1.1:2048
 udp  VPN: public --> public  172.16.1.2:49152 --> 172.16.1.1:18514
 udp  VPN: public --> public  172.16.1.1:49152 --> 172.16.1.2:18514
 icmp  VPN: public --> public  192.168.1.1:54880 --> 10.1.1.1:2048



5)在pc1连续pingpc2,并断开FW1上的g/1/0/2口,查看pc1pingpc2

在这里插入图片描述



6)在FW2上查看热备状态

HRP_M<FW2>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
HRP_M[FW2]disp hrp state
 Role: active, peer: standby (should be "standby-active")
 Running priority: 45000, peer: 44998
 Core state: abnormal(active), peer: abnormal(standby)
 Backup channel usage: 0.00%
 Stable time: 0 days, 0 hours, 8 minutes
 Last state change information: 2018-12-02 4:37:49 HRP core state changed, old_s
tate = normal, new_state = abnormal(active), local_priority = 45000, peer_priori
ty = 44998.



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