7.11 Hibernate:内置生成器 – uuid

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UUID:Universally Unique Identifier,是指在一台机器上生成的数字,它保证对在同一时空中的所有机器都是唯一的。

按照开放软件基金会(OSF)制定的标准计算,用到了以太网卡地址、纳秒级时间、芯片ID码和许多可能的数字,标准的UUID格式为:


xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx (8-4-4-4-12)

其中每个

x

是 0 – 9 或 a – f 范围内的一个十六进制的数字。

Hibernate 在保存对象时生成一个 UUID 字符串作为主键,保证了唯一性,但其并无任何业务逻辑意义,只能作为主键。唯一缺点是长度较大,32位(Hibernate 将 UUID 中的“-”屏蔽)字符串占用存储空间大,但是有两个很重要的优点:

(1) Hibernate 维护主键,不用去数据库查询,从而提升了效率;

(2) 跨数据库,且切换数据库很方便。


特点:UUID 长度大,占用空间大,跨数据库,不用访问数据库就生成了主键值,所以效率高且能保证唯一性,移植非常方便。

使用 MySQL 演示:

1 使用 XML

1.1 持久化类定义:

package hibernate;

import java.util.Date;

public class Person {

    private String id;

    private String account;

    private String name;

    private Date birth;

    public Person() {}

    public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {
        this.account = account;
        this.name = name;
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAccount() {
        return account;
    }

    public void setAccount(String account) {
        this.account = account;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }

}

1.2 定义映射:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
  <class name="hibernate.Person" table="PERSON">
    <id name="id" column="ID">
      <generator class="uuid"/>
    </id>
    <property name="account" type="java.lang.String">
      <column name="ACCOUNT" />
    </property>
    <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
      <column name="NAME" />
    </property>
    <property name="birth" type="java.util.Date">
      <column name="BIRTH" />
    </property>
  </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

1.3 单元测试:

package hibernate;

import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HibernateTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        Person person1 = new Person("admin1", "Nick", date);
        session.save(person1);
        Person person2 = new Person("admin2", "King", date);
        session.save(person2);
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        sessionFactory.close();
    }

}

单元测试通过,查询数据库,hibernate 自动生成的表结构定义如下:

这里写图片描述

数据库中新插入两条记录,主键为 UUID 字符串。

这里写图片描述

2 使用注解(annotation)

使用注解定义持久化类:

package hibernate;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
@Table(name = "person")
public class Person {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")
    @GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "uuid")
    private String id;

    private String account;

    private String name;

    private Date birth;

    public Person() {}

    public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {
        this.account = account;
        this.name = name;
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAccount() {
        return account;
    }

    public void setAccount(String account) {
        this.account = account;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }

}

运行【1.3 单元测试】,测试结果相同。



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