在日常项目开发中,异常是常见的,但是如何更高效的处理好异常信息,让我们能快速定位到BUG,是很重要的,不仅能够提高我们的开发效率,还能让你代码看上去更舒服,SpringBoot的项目已经对有一定的异常处理了,但是对于我们开发者而言可能就不太合适了,因此我们需要对这些异常进行统一的捕获并处理。
@ControllerAdvice
注解是Spring3.2中新增的注解,学名是Controller增强器,作用是给Controller控制器添加统一的操作或处理。结合方法型注解
@ExceptionHandler
,用于捕获Controller中抛出的指定类型的异常,从而达到不同类型的异常区别处理的目的。
补充:
@RestControllerAdvice
该注解其实是
@ControllerAdvice
+
@ResponseBody
的组合注解,其中
@ControllerAdvice
包含
@Component
,因此被该注解修饰的Java类也是一个被Spring 管理的Bean。
@ReponseStatus
注解:设置响应状态码
假设抛出异常不是我们自定义的异常,我们想改变响应的状态码,通过@ExceptionHandler来处理异常,并在@ExceptionHandler方法上也可以设置@ResponseStatus来达到效果;
假如抛出自定义的异常,自己没有定义异常处理界面,那在异常上标注@ResponseStatus就可以走 服务器默认的界面展示,或者通过web.xml 配置error-code \ error-page来自定义界面处理异常;
自定义全局异常核心共有4步:
自定义全局异常
1. 统一的返回类型
2. 定义枚举类型code与错误信息 enum
3. 自定义业务异常类,实现runtimeException接口
4. 定义全局异常处理类
pom:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>ExceptionGlobal</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>ExceptionGlobal</name>
<description>ExceptionGlobal</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.example.exceptionglobal.ExceptionGlobalApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
controller:
package com.example.exceptionglobal.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class myController {
@RequestMapping("/get")
public int getException(){
int i = 40 / 0;
return 0;
}
}
核心实现:
1. 基础服务接口类+自定义统一返回异常类
package com.example.exceptionglobal.result;
/**
* @description: 服务接口类
*/
public interface BaseErrorInfoInterface {
/**
* 错误码
* @return
*/
String getResultCode();
/**
* 错误描述
* @return
*/
String getResultMsg();
}
package com.example.exceptionglobal.result;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.enums.ExceptionEnum;
/**
* 自定义统一返回类型
* 这里的统一返回指的是自定义异常的统一返回类型,不是controller接口的返回类型
*/
public class ResultResponse {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8713837118340960775L;
/**
* 响应代码
*/
private String code;
/**
* 响应消息
*/
private String message;
/**
* 响应结果
*/
private Object result;
public ResultResponse() {
}
public ResultResponse(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfo) {
this.code = errorInfo.getResultCode();
this.message = errorInfo.getResultMsg();
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public Object getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(Object result) {
this.result = result;
}
/**
* 成功
*
* @return
*/
public static ResultResponse success() {
return success(null);
}
/**
* 成功
* @param data
* @return
*/
public static ResultResponse success(Object data) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode(ExceptionEnum.SUCCESS.getResultCode());
rb.setMessage(ExceptionEnum.SUCCESS.getResultMsg());
rb.setResult(data);
return rb;
}
/**
* 失败
*/
public static ResultResponse error(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfo) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode(errorInfo.getResultCode());
rb.setMessage(errorInfo.getResultMsg());
rb.setResult(null);
return rb;
}
/**
* 失败
*/
public static ResultResponse error(String code, String message) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode(code);
rb.setMessage(message);
rb.setResult(null);
return rb;
}
/**
* 失败
*/
public static ResultResponse error( String message) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode("-1");
rb.setMessage(message);
rb.setResult(null);
return rb;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return JSONObject.toJSONString(this);
}
}
2. 异常处理枚举类
package com.example.exceptionglobal.enums;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.result.BaseErrorInfoInterface;
/**
* @description: 异常处理枚举类
*/
public enum ExceptionEnum implements BaseErrorInfoInterface {
// 数据操作错误定义
SUCCESS("2000", "成功!"),
BODY_NOT_MATCH("4000","请求的数据格式不符!"),
SIGNATURE_NOT_MATCH("4001","请求的数字签名不匹配!"),
NOT_FOUND("4004", "未找到该资源!"),
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR("5000", "服务器内部错误!"),
SERVER_BUSY("5003","服务器正忙,请稍后再试!");
/**
* 错误码
*/
private final String resultCode;
/**
* 错误描述
*/
private final String resultMsg;
ExceptionEnum(String resultCode, String resultMsg) {
this.resultCode = resultCode;
this.resultMsg = resultMsg;
}
@Override
public String getResultCode() {
return resultCode;
}
@Override
public String getResultMsg() {
return resultMsg;
}
}
3. 自定义异常类
package com.example.exceptionglobal.exception;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.result.BaseErrorInfoInterface;
/**
* @description: 自定义异常类
*/
public class BizException extends RuntimeException{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* 错误码
*/
protected String errorCode;
/**
* 错误信息
*/
protected String errorMsg;
public BizException() {
super();
}
public BizException(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfoInterface) {
super(errorInfoInterface.getResultCode());
this.errorCode = errorInfoInterface.getResultCode();
this.errorMsg = errorInfoInterface.getResultMsg();
}
public BizException(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfoInterface, Throwable cause) {
super(errorInfoInterface.getResultCode(), cause);
this.errorCode = errorInfoInterface.getResultCode();
this.errorMsg = errorInfoInterface.getResultMsg();
}
public BizException(String errorMsg) {
super(errorMsg);
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
public BizException(String errorCode, String errorMsg) {
super(errorCode);
this.errorCode = errorCode;
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
public BizException(String errorCode, String errorMsg, Throwable cause) {
super(errorCode, cause);
this.errorCode = errorCode;
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
public String getErrorCode() {
return errorCode;
}
public void setErrorCode(String errorCode) {
this.errorCode = errorCode;
}
public String getErrorMsg() {
return errorMsg;
}
public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) {
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
@Override
public Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
return this;
}
}
4. 自定义异常全局处理(核心中的核心!)
package com.example.exceptionglobal.exception;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.enums.ExceptionEnum;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.result.ResultResponse;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* @description: 自定义异常全局处理
*/
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);
/**
* 处理自定义的业务异常
* @param req
* @param e
* @return
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = BizException.class)
public ResultResponse bizExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, BizException e){
logger.error(("发生业务异常!原因是:{}"),e.getErrorMsg());
return ResultResponse.error(e.getErrorCode(),e.getErrorMsg());
}
/**
* 处理空指针的异常
* @param req
* @param e
* @return
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value =NullPointerException.class)
public ResultResponse exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, NullPointerException e){
logger.error("发生空指针异常!原因是:",e);
return ResultResponse.error(ExceptionEnum.BODY_NOT_MATCH);
}
/**
* 处理其他异常
* @param req
* @param e
* @return
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value =Exception.class)
public ResultResponse exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e){
logger.error("未知异常!原因是:",e);
return ResultResponse.error(ExceptionEnum.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
测试访问controller接口,手动触发异常:
2022-11-23 12:37:32.207 ERROR 12172 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.e.e.exception.GlobalExceptionHandler : 未知异常!原因是:
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at com.example.exceptionglobal.controller.myController.getException(myController.java:11) ~[classes/:na]
至此结束!
参考链接: