Autowired 详解

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  • Post category:其他



什么是注解

传统的spring做法是使用.xml文件来对bean进行注入或者是配置aop、事物,这么做有两个缺点:

1、如果所有的内容都配置在.xml文件中,那么.xml文件将会十分庞大;如果按需求分开.xml文件,那么.xml文件又会非常多。总之这将导致配置文件的可读性与可维护性变得很低

2、在开发中在.Java文件和.xml文件之间不断切换,是一件麻烦的事,同时这种思维上的不连贯也会降低开发的效率

为了解决这两个问题,Spring引入了注解,通过”@XXX”的方式,让注解与Java Bean紧密结合,既大大减少了配置文件的体积,又增加了java Bean的可读性与内聚性。

本篇文章,讲讲最重要的三个Spring注解,也就是@Autowired、@Resource和@Service,希望能通过有限的篇幅说清楚这三个注解的用法。

一、目录结构

2、Zoo.java

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


public class Zoo
{
    private Tiger tiger;
    private Monkey monkey;
    
    public void setTiger(Tiger tiger)
    {
        this.tiger = tiger;
    }
    
    public void setMonkey(Monkey monkey)
    {
        this.monkey = monkey;
    }
    
    public Tiger getTiger()
    {
        return tiger;
    }
    
    public Monkey getMonkey()
    {
        return monkey;
    }
    
    public String toString()
    {
        return tiger + "\n" + monkey;
    }
}

3、Tiger.java

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;



public class Tiger
{
    private String tigerName = "TigerKing";
    
    public String toString()
    {
        return "TigerName:" + tigerName;
    }
}

4、Monkey.java

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;



public class Monkey
{
    private String monkeyName = "MonkeyKing";
    
    public String toString()
    {
        return "MonkeyName:" + monkeyName;
    }
}

5、配置文件 beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       					   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
      default-autowire="byType">
    
    <bean id="zoo" class="com.xrq.bean.Zoo" >
        <property name="tiger" ref="tiger" />
        <property name="monkey" ref="monkey" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />
    <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" />
    

</beans>

6、测试程序

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Testautowired {
	

	@Test
	public void demo02(){
		//从spring容器获得
		//1 获得容器
		String xmlPath = "com/itheima/z_ioc/autowired/beans.xml";
		ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath);
		//2获得内容 --不需要自己new,都是从spring容器获得
		Zoo zoo = (Zoo) applicationContext.getBean("zoo");
		System.out.println(zoo.toString());
		
	}

}

—————————————————-

改造之后 用Autowired

1、Zoo.java 【如果还是以前的代码,测试程序将是 两个null】

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


public class Zoo
{
    @Autowired
	private Tiger tiger;
    
    @Autowired
    private Monkey monkey;
    
   
    
    public String toString()
    {
        return tiger + "\n" + monkey;
    }
}

2、配置文件beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       					   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       					    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
<!--       default-autowire="byType">
    
    <bean id="zoo" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Zoo" >
        <property name="tiger" ref="tiger" />
        <property name="monkey" ref="monkey" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />
    <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" /> -->
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired" />

    <bean id="zoo" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Zoo" />
    <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />
     <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" />

</beans>

注:

 <bean id="zoo" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Zoo" />
    <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />
     <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" />

还是要有这个,而不是自动注入。只是说他们之间的相对关系取消了

———————————————————————————————————

第三部分 @Service


@Service注解,其实做了两件事情:


1、声明Zoo.java是一个bean,这点很重要,因为Zoo.java是一个bean,其他的类才可以使用@Autowired将Zoo作为一个成员变量自动注入


2、Zoo.java在bean中的id是”zoo”,即类名且首字母小写



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