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Docker系列（十九）——Docker实例一Docker安装Apache实例

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《 Docker实例一Docker安装Apache实例 》

前言

在前面的文章中，已经完成的内容包括：Docker的基本理论概述、Docker服务器的安装、Docker常用命令的详细介绍（容器命令，镜像命令等）、Docker镜像的基本理论概述、Docker镜像的操作、Docker容器数据卷基本理论概述、容器卷的使用实战、数据卷容器的概述与实操、Dockerfile基本理论介绍、Dockerfile构建镜像过程介绍、Dockerfile指令大全介绍与综合实战，接下来将通过Docker常用的一些安装实例，更加深入的认识Docker，其简洁的，快速的构建应用环境等。

关于Docker镜像的获取方式分为两种：

一、即为 docker pull 镜像名（简单明了，一条命令搞定）。

二、即为通过 Dockerfile 构建Docker镜像（步骤较为复杂，需要定义Dockerfile文件，然后再根据文件进行构建镜像，所以在没有业务要求的限制，尽量采用第一种方式）。



Docker镜像获取总共分为以下几个步骤：



1、检索需要的镜像（获取特定TAG的镜像）；



2、拉取镜像文件到本地；



3、列出本地所有的镜像；



4、使用镜像（启动镜像）；



5、容器使用完毕（停止容器）；



6、移除废的容器（移除前注意备份好数据，否则后果严重）；

Docker实例一Docker安装Apache实例



第一种：使用 docker pull 镜像名 拉取镜像

1、查询星级数大于300的Apache镜像（注：星级数越高，越受欢迎的，默认在 Docker Hub 查询的），

输入命令 “ docker search -s 300 apache ” ，查询内容如下： 

[root@localhost ~]# docker search -s 300 apache
Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
httpd               The Apache HTTP Server Project                  2204                [OK]                
tomcat              Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2197                [OK]                
cassandra           Apache Cassandra is an open-source distribut…   903                 [OK]                
maven               Apache Maven is a software project managemen…   755                 [OK]                
solr                Solr is the popular, blazing-fast, open sour…   613                 [OK]                
zookeeper           Apache ZooKeeper is an open-source server wh…   532                 [OK]

2、拉取第一个镜像，也是官方版的镜像，输入命令 “ docker pull httpd ”，默认拉取的为最新版本 latest ，内容如下： 

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
f17d81b4b692: Pull complete 
06fe09255c64: Pull complete 
0baf8127507d: Pull complete 
07b9730387a3: Pull complete 
6dbdee9d6fa5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:90b34f4370518872de4ac1af696a90d982fe99b0f30c9be994964f49a6e2f421
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest

3、拉取完成后，输入命令 “ docker images httpd ”，可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为httpd的镜像，内容如下： 

[root@localhost ~]# docker images httpd
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
httpd               latest              55a118e2a010        5 weeks ago         132MB



第二种：通过 Dockerfile 构建Docker镜像

1、新建Apache的Dockerfile文件存放目录，输入命令 “ mkdir -p /opt/dockerfile/apache ” ，并进入到目录下。 

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/dockerfile/apache
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/dockerfile/apache/
[root@localhost apache]#

2、创建dockerfile文件，输入命令 “ vi apachedockerfile ” ，并键入如下内容：



Ubuntu版本：

 

# Base 基础镜像
FROM debian:stretch-slim

# 首先添加我们的用户和组，以确保一致地分配他们的id，而不管添加了什么依赖项
#RUN groupadd -r www-data && useradd -r --create-home -g www-data www-data

# 配置Apache环境变量
ENV HTTPD_PREFIX /usr/local/apache2
ENV PATH $HTTPD_PREFIX/bin:$PATH
RUN mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" \
	&& chown www-data:www-data "$HTTPD_PREFIX"
WORKDIR $HTTPD_PREFIX

# 安装httpd运行时依赖项
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html#requirements
RUN set -eux; \
	apt-get update; \
	apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
		libapr1-dev \
		libaprutil1-dev \
		libaprutil1-ldap \
	; \
	rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

ENV HTTPD_VERSION 2.4.37
ENV HTTPD_SHA256 3498dc5c6772fac2eb7307dc7963122ffe243b5e806e0be4fb51974ff759d726

# https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html
ENV HTTPD_PATCHES=""

ENV APACHE_DIST_URLS \
# https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/INFRA-8753?focusedCommentId=14735394#comment-14735394
	https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename= \
# 如果版本已经过时(或者需要获取.asc文件)，则必须从 dist/archive:/ 中拉取
	https://www-us.apache.org/dist/ \
	https://www.apache.org/dist/ \
	https://archive.apache.org/dist/

# see https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html#requirements
RUN set -eux; \
	\
	# mod_http2 mod_lua mod_proxy_html mod_xml2enc 这儿不作过多解释，都是些配置文件
	# https://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-apache/apache2.git/tree/debian/control?id=adb6f181257af28ee67af15fc49d2699a0080d4c
	savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
	apt-get update; \
	apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
		bzip2 \
		ca-certificates \
		dirmngr \
		dpkg-dev \
		gcc \
		gnupg \
		liblua5.2-dev \
		libnghttp2-dev \
		libpcre3-dev \
		libssl-dev \
		libxml2-dev \
		make \
		wget \
		zlib1g-dev \
	; \
	rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
	\
	ddist() { \
		local f="$1"; shift; \
		local distFile="$1"; shift; \
		local success=; \
		local distUrl=; \
		for distUrl in $APACHE_DIST_URLS; do \
			if wget -O "$f" "$distUrl$distFile" && [ -s "$f" ]; then \
				success=1; \
				break; \
			fi; \
		done; \
		[ -n "$success" ]; \
	}; \
	\
	ddist 'httpd.tar.bz2' "httpd/httpd-$HTTPD_VERSION.tar.bz2"; \
	echo "$HTTPD_SHA256 *httpd.tar.bz2" | sha256sum -c -; \
	\
# see https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#verify
	ddist 'httpd.tar.bz2.asc' "httpd/httpd-$HTTPD_VERSION.tar.bz2.asc"; \
	export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
	for key in \
# gpg: key 791485A8: public key "Jim Jagielski (Release Signing Key) <jim@apache.org>" imported
		A93D62ECC3C8EA12DB220EC934EA76E6791485A8 \
# gpg: key 995E35221AD84DFF: public key "Daniel Ruggeri (http://home.apache.org/~druggeri/) <druggeri@apache.org>" imported
		B9E8213AEFB861AF35A41F2C995E35221AD84DFF \
	; do \
		gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
	done; \
	gpg --batch --verify httpd.tar.bz2.asc httpd.tar.bz2; \
	command -v gpgconf && gpgconf --kill all || :; \
	rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" httpd.tar.bz2.asc; \
	\
	mkdir -p src; \
	tar -xf httpd.tar.bz2 -C src --strip-components=1; \
	rm httpd.tar.bz2; \
	cd src; \
	\
	patches() { \
		while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do \
			local patchFile="$1"; shift; \
			local patchSha256="$1"; shift; \
			ddist "$patchFile" "httpd/patches/apply_to_$HTTPD_VERSION/$patchFile"; \
			echo "$patchSha256 *$patchFile" | sha256sum -c -; \
			patch -p0 < "$patchFile"; \
			rm -f "$patchFile"; \
		done; \
	}; \
	patches $HTTPD_PATCHES; \
	\
	gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \
	./configure \
		--build="$gnuArch" \
		--prefix="$HTTPD_PREFIX" \
		--enable-mods-shared=reallyall \
		--enable-mpms-shared=all \
	; \
	make -j "$(nproc)"; \
	make install; \
	\
	cd ..; \
	rm -r src man manual; \
	\
	sed -ri \
		-e 's!^(\s*CustomLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/1!g' \
		-e 's!^(\s*ErrorLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/2!g' \
		"$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf"; \
	\
# 重置 apt-mark 的 “ manual ” 列表，以便 “purge --auto-remove” 将删除所有构建依赖项（节省内存开销，这个比较可以的！！！）
	apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
	[ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; \
	find /usr/local -type f -executable -exec ldd '{}' ';' \
		| awk '/=>/ { print $(NF-1) }' \
		| sort -u \
		| xargs -r dpkg-query --search \
		| cut -d: -f1 \
		| sort -u \
		| xargs -r apt-mark manual \
	; \
	apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
	\
# 测试是否可用
	httpd -v

COPY httpd-foreground /usr/local/bin/

# 将80端口暴露出去（只要不冲突，可自定义）
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["httpd-foreground"]



Linux版本：

 

FROM alpine:3.9

# ensure www-data user exists
RUN set -x \
	&& addgroup -g 82 -S www-data \
	&& adduser -u 82 -D -S -G www-data www-data
# 82 is the standard uid/gid for "www-data" in Alpine
# https://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/apache2/apache2.pre-install?h=v3.8.1
# https://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/lighttpd/lighttpd.pre-install?h=v3.8.1
# https://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/nginx/nginx.pre-install?h=v3.8.1

ENV HTTPD_PREFIX /usr/local/apache2
ENV PATH $HTTPD_PREFIX/bin:$PATH
RUN mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" \
	&& chown www-data:www-data "$HTTPD_PREFIX"
WORKDIR $HTTPD_PREFIX

ENV HTTPD_VERSION 2.4.39
ENV HTTPD_SHA256 b4ca9d05773aa59b54d66cd8f4744b945289f084d3be17d7981d1783a5decfa2

# https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html
ENV HTTPD_PATCHES=""

ENV APACHE_DIST_URLS \
# https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/INFRA-8753?focusedCommentId=14735394#comment-14735394
	https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename= \
# if the version is outdated (or we're grabbing the .asc file), we might have to pull from the dist/archive :/
	https://www-us.apache.org/dist/ \
	https://www.apache.org/dist/ \
	https://archive.apache.org/dist/

# see https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html#requirements
RUN set -eux; \
	\
	runDeps=' \
		apr-dev \
		apr-util-dev \
		apr-util-ldap \
		perl \
	'; \
	apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps \
		$runDeps \
		ca-certificates \
		coreutils \
		dpkg-dev dpkg \
		gcc \
		gnupg \
		libc-dev \
		# mod_proxy_html mod_xml2enc
		libxml2-dev \
		# mod_lua
		lua-dev \
		make \
		# mod_http2
		nghttp2-dev \
		# mod_session_crypto
		openssl \
		openssl-dev \
		pcre-dev \
		tar \
		# mod_deflate
		zlib-dev \
	; \
	\
	ddist() { \
		local f="$1"; shift; \
		local distFile="$1"; shift; \
		local success=; \
		local distUrl=; \
		for distUrl in $APACHE_DIST_URLS; do \
			if wget -O "$f" "$distUrl$distFile" && [ -s "$f" ]; then \
				success=1; \
				break; \
			fi; \
		done; \
		[ -n "$success" ]; \
	}; \
	\
	ddist 'httpd.tar.bz2' "httpd/httpd-$HTTPD_VERSION.tar.bz2"; \
	echo "$HTTPD_SHA256 *httpd.tar.bz2" | sha256sum -c -; \
	\
# see https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#verify
	ddist 'httpd.tar.bz2.asc' "httpd/httpd-$HTTPD_VERSION.tar.bz2.asc"; \
	export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
	for key in \
# gpg: key 791485A8: public key "Jim Jagielski (Release Signing Key) <jim@apache.org>" imported
		A93D62ECC3C8EA12DB220EC934EA76E6791485A8 \
# gpg: key 995E35221AD84DFF: public key "Daniel Ruggeri (https://home.apache.org/~druggeri/) <druggeri@apache.org>" imported
		B9E8213AEFB861AF35A41F2C995E35221AD84DFF \
	; do \
		gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
	done; \
	gpg --batch --verify httpd.tar.bz2.asc httpd.tar.bz2; \
	command -v gpgconf && gpgconf --kill all || :; \
	rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" httpd.tar.bz2.asc; \
	\
	mkdir -p src; \
	tar -xf httpd.tar.bz2 -C src --strip-components=1; \
	rm httpd.tar.bz2; \
	cd src; \
	\
	patches() { \
		while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do \
			local patchFile="$1"; shift; \
			local patchSha256="$1"; shift; \
			ddist "$patchFile" "httpd/patches/apply_to_$HTTPD_VERSION/$patchFile"; \
			echo "$patchSha256 *$patchFile" | sha256sum -c -; \
			patch -p0 < "$patchFile"; \
			rm -f "$patchFile"; \
		done; \
	}; \
	patches $HTTPD_PATCHES; \
	\
	gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \
	./configure \
		--build="$gnuArch" \
		--prefix="$HTTPD_PREFIX" \
		--enable-mods-shared=reallyall \
		--enable-mpms-shared=all \
	; \
	make -j "$(nproc)"; \
	make install; \
	\
	cd ..; \
	rm -r src man manual; \
	\
	sed -ri \
		-e 's!^(\s*CustomLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/1!g' \
		-e 's!^(\s*ErrorLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/2!g' \
		-e 's!^(\s*TransferLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/1!g' \
		"$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf" \
		"$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf" \
	; \
	\
	runDeps="$runDeps $( \
		scanelf --needed --nobanner --format '%n#p' --recursive /usr/local \
			| tr ',' '\n' \
			| sort -u \
			| awk 'system("[ -e /usr/local/lib/" $1 " ]") == 0 { next } { print "so:" $1 }' \
	)"; \
	apk add --virtual .httpd-rundeps $runDeps; \
	apk del .build-deps; \
	\
# smoke test
	httpd -v

COPY httpd-foreground /usr/local/bin/

EXPOSE 80
CMD ["httpd-foreground"]

3、通过 Dockerfile 的 docker build 构建一个 Apache 镜像，这儿可以自定义镜像名，输入命令 “ docker build -f /opt/dockerfile/apache/apachedockerfile -t huazai/web/httpd:v1.0 . ” 进行构建，部分构建内容如下： 

[root@localhost apache]# docker build -f /opt/dockerfile/apache/apachedockerfile -t huazai/web/httpd:v1.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  6.656kB
Step 1/14 : FROM debian:stretch-slim
 ---> 9a4a82cec2d2
Step 2/14 : ENV HTTPD_PREFIX /usr/local/apache2
 ---> Running in 446c3f8ff922
Removing intermediate container 446c3f8ff922
 ---> 2161791cd41e
Step 3/14 : ENV PATH $HTTPD_PREFIX/bin:$PATH
 ---> Running in 397375e828cd
Removing intermediate container 397375e828cd
 ---> a57eb06abecf
Step 4/14 : RUN mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" 	&& chown www-data:www-data "$HTTPD_PREFIX"
 ---> Running in 92c401f96407
Removing intermediate container 92c401f96407
 ---> 6b92ebe17bde
Step 5/14 : WORKDIR $HTTPD_PREFIX
 ---> Running in 4052e19272cb
Removing intermediate container 4052e19272cb
 ---> 101d3cb7502a

# 次出省去 N 行

构建成功后，输入命令 “ docker images huazai/web/httpd  ” ，可以在本地的镜像列表种查找到方才构建 apache 镜像，内容如下：

好了，关于 Docker系列（十九）——Docker实例一Docker安装Apache实例 就写到这儿了，如果还有什么疑问或遇到什么问题欢迎扫码提问，也可以给我留言哦，我会一一详细的解答的。


歇后语：“ 共同学习，共同进步 ”，也希望大家多多关注CSND的IT社区。

作       者： 华    仔
联系作者： who.seek.me@java98k.vip
来        源： CSDN (Chinese Software Developer Network)
原        文：
https://blog.csdn.net/Hello_World_QWP/article/details/84762704
版权声明： 本文为博主原创文章，请在转载时务必注明博文出处！


版权声明：本文为Hello_World_QWP原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。