一、排序
1.1 排序规则
使用 ORDER BY 子句排序
ASC（ascend）: 升序
DESC（descend）:降序
ORDER BY 子句在SELECT语句的结尾。
1.2 单列排序
SELECT last_name, job_id, department_id, hire_date
FROM employees
ORDER BY hire_date ;
若没有指定排序方式，则默认按照升序排序
1.3 多列排序
SELECT last_name, department_id, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY department_id, salary DESC;
二、分页
MySQL中使用 LIMIT 实现分页
格式：
LIMIT [位置偏移量,] 行数第一个“位置偏移量”参数指示MySQL从哪一行开始显示，是一个可选参数，如果不指定“位置偏移
量”，将会从表中的第一条记录开始（第一条记录的位置偏移量是0，第二条记录的位置偏移量是
1，以此类推）；第二个参数“行数”指示返回的记录条数。
公式：每页显示size条记录，此时显示第page页
LIMIT（page – 1）*size，size
2. MySQL8.0新特性：LIMIT 条目数 OFFSET 位置偏移量
3. 作用：减少传输量，提升查询效率
三、多表查询
代码实现
#中图：内连接 A∩B
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`;
#左上图：左外连接
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e LEFT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`;
#右上图：右外连接
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e RIGHT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`;
#左中图：A – A∩B
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e LEFT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`
WHERE d.`department_id` IS NULL
#右中图：B-A∩B
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e RIGHT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`
WHERE e.`department_id` IS NULL#左下图：满外连接
# 左中图 + 右上图 A∪B
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e LEFT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`
WHERE d.`department_id` IS NULL
UNION ALL #没有去重操作，效率高
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e RIGHT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`;
#右下图
#左中图 + 右中图 A ∪B- A∩B 或者 (A – A∩B) ∪ （B – A∩B）
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e LEFT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`
WHERE d.`department_id` IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_name
FROM employees e RIGHT JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`
WHERE e.`department_id` IS NULL