1、项目背景。根据公司需要、需要通过微信来向指定用户发送相应的消息。
2、实现步骤：
1）用户关注公众号、将用户的openId保存起来
2）通过appid和secret来获取access_token
3）通过客服接口发送信息
3、代码
获取access_token的代码片段，其中grant_type为固定的client_credential，appid和secret是申请公众号，微信给你的
/**
* 获取access_token
*/
public void getAccessToken(){
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wx0bed7b708dd91237357&secret=66df95af6bc0bd803db86f58f1d161964133";
int count = 1;
String result = "";
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("id", 1);
while(true){
try{
result = HttpClientUtils.httpGet(url);
JSONObject json = JSON.parseObject(result);
if("".equals(json.getString("access_token")) || json.getString("access_token") == null){
throw new Exception("token获取失败");
}else{
map.put("token", json.getString("access_token"));
map.put("error", "");
map.put("update_time",new Date());
wxDao.updateToken(map);
}
break;
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(count >= 5){
map.put("error", result);
map.put("update_time",new Date());
wxDao.updateToken(map);
break;
}
count++;
}
}
}发送消息
/**
* 发送信息
* @param content
* @param openId
*/
public void sendMessage(String content,String openId){
String result = "";
Map<String,Object> token = wxDao.getToken();
Map<String,Object> userInfo = findUserByOpenId(openId);
Map<String,Object> log = new HashMap<>();
log.put("open_id", openId);
log.put("name", String.valueOf(userInfo.get("user_name")));
String sendUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send?access_token="+String.valueOf(token.get("token"));
SendTestMessage testMessage=new SendTestMessage();
testMessage.setMsgtype("text");
testMessage.setTouser(openId);
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("content", content);
log.put("content", content);
testMessage.setText(map);
String jsonTestMessage = JSONObject.toJSONString(testMessage);
int count = 1;
while(true){
try{
result = HttpClientUtils.sendPost(sendUrl,jsonTestMessage);
JSONObject json = JSON.parseObject(result);
if(!"0".equals(json.getString("errcode"))){
throw new Exception("发送失败");
}else{
log.put("status", "发送成功");
log.put("send_time", new Date());
wxDao.insertSendLog(log);
break;
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(count >= 5){
log.put("status", "发送失败");
log.put("error", result);
map.put("send_time",new Date());
wxDao.insertSendLog(log);
break;
}
count++;
}
}
}
Map<String,Object> token = wxDao.getToken();
此句是从数据库中获取access_token，因为access_token是每2小时失效、所以此处做了一个定时任务，每2小时获取一次access_token，并将它存在数据库中。每次发送信息时，从数据库拿出access_token。
发送请求接口
package com.wx.common.tools;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.params.CoreConnectionPNames;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* httpClient
* @author xuchangcheng
* 2018年8月21日
*
*/
public class HttpClientUtils {
/**
* get请求
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String httpGet(String url){
String result = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
// 设置请求头
get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
try {
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
result = reponse2String(response);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 关闭
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
return result;
}
/**
* post请求
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String httpPost(String url,Map<String,Object> params){
String result = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间
HttpPost post = null;
post = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置请求头
post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
// 参数
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();
for(String key:keySet){
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key).toString()));
}
try {
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
result = reponse2String(response);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 关闭
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
return result;
}
/**
* post请求
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String httpPostJson(String url,String params){
String result = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间
HttpPost post = null;
post = new HttpPost(url);
try {
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(params);
s.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
s.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
System.out.println(s);
post.setEntity(s);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
result = reponse2String(response);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 关闭
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
return result;
}
/**
* get请求(爬虫)
* @param url
* @return
* @throws Exception
* @throws
*/
public static String httpReptileGet(String url,String cookie,String tk) throws Exception{
String result = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
// 设置请求头
//get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
get.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);
get.setHeader("tk",tk);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
result = reponse2String(response);
// 关闭
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
return result;
}
/**
* post请求(爬虫)
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String httpReptilePost(String url,Map<String,String> params,String cookie,String tk){
String result = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间
HttpPost post = null;
post = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置请求头
post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
post.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);
post.setHeader("tk",tk);
// 参数
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();
for(String key:keySet){
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));
}
try {
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
result = reponse2String(response);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 关闭
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
return result;
}
/**
* post请求,返回状态码
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String httpPost(String url,Map<String,String> params,String cookie,String tk) throws Exception{
String result = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间
HttpPost post = null;
post = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置请求头
post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
post.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);
post.setHeader("tk",tk);
// 参数
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();
for(String key:keySet){
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));
}
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
result = String.valueOf(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
// 关闭
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
return result;
}
/**
* post请求,返回状态码(vivo请求，需要格式化参数，单独写)
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String httpVivoPost(String url,Map<String,String> params,String cookie) throws Exception{
String result = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间
HttpPost post = null;
post = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置请求头
post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
post.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);
// 参数
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();
for(String key:keySet){
if(key.indexOf("ideaUpdateRequest.wordList")!=-1){
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("ideaUpdateRequest.wordList", params.get(key)));
}else{
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));
}
}
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
result = String.valueOf(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
// 关闭
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
return result;
}
/**
* 获取客户端ip(外网)
* @param request
* @return
*/
public static String getIp(HttpServletRequest request){
String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
if ("127.0.0.1".equals(ip) || "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(ip))
try {
ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress();
}
catch (UnknownHostException unknownhostexception) {
}
return ip;
}
/**
* 转化返回参数
* @param response
* @return
*/
public static String reponse2String(HttpResponse response){
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String body = null;
try {
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return body;
}
public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
String result = "";
try {
URL realUrl = new URL(url);
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
//设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0)");
// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
// 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
OutputStreamWriter outWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");
out = new PrintWriter(outWriter);
// 发送请求参数
out.print(param);
// flush输出流的缓冲
out.flush();
// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));result += line;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！"+e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
//使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
finally{
try{
if(out!=null){
out.close();
}
if(in!=null){
in.close();
}
}
catch(IOException ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
}
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