最近下雨没有去学车，无聊在学习django，记录一下。两个内容：Ajax和csrf。是post请求就要进行csrf验证，get请求则就不需要。如果不清楚csrf_token的使用，就会遇到“django csrf token missing or incorrect”的错误。
一、Ajax请求
1.1 GET请求的Ajax
路由url.py配置：
## Django url.py 路由配置
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^add/',add),
url(r'^home/$',index_home),
url(r'^calculate/',post_form)
]views.py渲染：
def post_form(request):
return render(request,'index.html')
def add(request):
if request.method == "POST":
form = AddForms(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
a = int(form.cleaned_data['a'])
b = int(form.cleaned_data['b'])
c = a + b
return HttpResponse('post: %s + %s = （%s）'%(a,b,c))
else:
a = request.GET['a']
b = request.GET['b']
c = int(a) + int(b)
return HttpResponse('get: %s + %s = （%s）'%(a,b,c))模板index.html中传递数据给js
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>计算数字之和</p>
<form action="/add/" method="get">
a: <input type="text" id="numa" name="a"> <br>
b: <input type="text" id="numb" name="b"> <br>
<p>结果是: <span id='result'></span></p>
<button type="button" id='sum'>求和</button>
</form>
<script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#sum").click(function(){
var a = $("#numa").val();
var b = $("#numb").val();
$.get("/add/",{'a':a,'b':b}, function(ret){
$('#result').html(ret)
})
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>客户端效果为：
1.2 POST请求的Ajax
post请求这里涉及到csrf的校验，具体的过程可以拜读下csrf.js校验的代码，模板语言中需要加上如下代码：
$.ajaxSetup({
data: {csrfmiddlewaretoken: '{{ csrf_token }}' },
});将jQuery.get()变更为jQuery.post()方法，完整的模板index.html为：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>求两数字之和</p>
<form action="/add/" method="get">
{% csrf_token %}
a: <input type="text" id="numa" name="a"> <br>
b: <input type="text" id="numb" name="b"> <br>
<p>结果是: <span id='result'></span></p>
<button type="button" id='sum'>求和</button>
</form>
<script src="/static/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$.ajaxSetup({
data: {csrfmiddlewaretoken: '{{ csrf_token }}' },
});
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#sum").click(function(){
var a = $("#numa").val();
var b = $("#numb").val();
$.post("/add/",{'a':a,'b':b}, function(ret){
$('#result').html(ret)
})
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>views.py和urls.py跟上面保持一致。
客户端效果为：
二、js代码
csrf.js代码为：
jQuery(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings) {
function getCookie(name) {
var cookieValue = null;
if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') {
var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]);
// Does this cookie string begin with the name we want?
if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) {
cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1));
break;
}
}
}
return cookieValue;
}
function sameOrigin(url) {
// url could be relative or scheme relative or absolute
var host = document.location.host; // host + port
var protocol = document.location.protocol;
var sr_origin = '//' + host;
var origin = protocol + sr_origin;
// Allow absolute or scheme relative URLs to same origin
return (url == origin || url.slice(0, origin.length + 1) == origin + '/') ||
(url == sr_origin || url.slice(0, sr_origin.length + 1) == sr_origin + '/') ||
// or any other URL that isn't scheme relative or absolute i.e relative.
!(/^(\/\/|http:|https:).*/.test(url));
}
function safeMethod(method) {
return (/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/.test(method));
}
if (!safeMethod(settings.type) && sameOrigin(settings.url)) {
xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", getCookie('csrftoken'));
}
});
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