Shiro的配置及使用

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一、Shiro的快速开始

1.Shiro的简单介绍

Shiro的官方介绍文档:

http://shiro.apache.org/

2.快速开始

shiro在github上有官方的快速开始文档:

https://github.com/apache/shiro

该目录下便是Shiro的快速开始示例;我们依据他官方的快速示例进行配置。

(1)首先引入我们Shiro的依赖包:

 <!-- shiro 依赖 start-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>    <!-- configure logging -->
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- shiro 依赖 end-->

(2)而后将里面的shiro.ini文件拷贝到resources下:

此代码拷贝过来后会提示下载关于ini的插件,需要下载一下,便于阅读ini类型的文件

[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

(3)快速开始我们的shiro类:Quickstart.java

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.ini.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.lang.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

此时我们项目中已经可以测试使用Shiro了。但是在实际项目中还是要对Shiro进行配置的。

二、Shiro的配置使用

1.Spring boot整合Shiro环境搭建

(1)先引入Shiro整合spring的依赖包

   <!-- shiro整合spring依赖包 start-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- shiro整合spring依赖包 end-->

(2)而后我们先新建几个页面:index.html(主页面),add.html,update.html后续我们将通过这三个页面来对我们的Shiro进行测试。这三个页面全部放置在templates下的user(需要自己新建)文件夹下即可:

前端页面中会用到thymeleaf语法,我们先导入thymeleaf的依赖包:

 <!-- thymeleaf模板 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
        </dependency>

index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<!-- 从session中判断值 -->
<div>
    <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</div>
<p th:text="${msg}"></p>
<hr>

    <a href="@{/user/add}">add</a> | <a href="@{/user/update}">update</a>

</body>
</html>

add.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Add</h1>
</body>
</html>

update.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>update</h1>
</body>
</html>

(3)添加ShiroController用于在这三个页面之间进行跳转

@Controller
public class ShiroController {
    @RequestMapping("/shiro")
    public String toIndex(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello,Shiro");
        return "user/index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("user/add")
    public String add(){
        return "user/add";
    }

    @RequestMapping("user/update")
    public String update(){
        return "user/update";
    }
}

此时便可以通过index页面跳转到add和update页面。

2.对Shiro进行配置

新建ShiroConfig配置类

对Shiro的配置,主要由这三步构成:

第一步:创建realm对象

新建UserRealm类:

//自定义的UserRealm   extends AuthorizingRealm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        System.out.println("执行了=》授权doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        return null;
    }

    //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了=》认证doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        return null;    
    }
}

在ShiroConfig进行第一步的配置:创建realm对象

第二步:DefaultWebSecurityManager

第三步:ShiroFilterFactoryBean

ShiroConfig中,一个方法套一个方法,关联性很强。

3.Shiro实现登录拦截

在ShiroConfig的第三步中添加过滤器:

此时再次启动项目进入index页面向add和update页面跳转便会报404错误,因为此时还没有进行认证。

为了让他跳转失败之后,自动跳转到登录页面,我们还需要在user文件夹下添加一个登录页面login.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<hr>
<p th:text="${msg}" style = "color:red;"></p>
<form th:action="@{/login}">
  <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="username"></p>
  <p>密码:<input type="text" name="password"></p>
  <p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

还需要再在ShiroController中添加跳转到登录页面的业务:

    @RequestMapping("toLogin")
    public String toLogin(){
        return "user/login";
    }

然后再在ShiroConfig的第三步中设置跳转到登录页面:

此时在index页面中点击add和update时,便会跳转到登录页面。

4.Shiro实现用户的认证

(1)在ShiroController类中添加登录业务

   @RequestMapping("login")
    public String login(String username,String password,Model model){
        //获取当前用户
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //封装用户的登录数据
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username,password);
        try{
            subject.login(token);       //执行登录的方法,如果没有异常,说明OK
            return "user/index";
        }catch(UnknownAccountException e){   //用户名不存在
            model.addAttribute("msg","用户名错误!");
            return "user/login";
        } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {   //密码不正确
            model.addAttribute("msg", "密码错误!");
            return "user/login";
        }
    }

(2)修改登录页面的表单请求,并添加一个展示上面的提示信息的内容:

Shiro的ShiroConfig类和UserRealm类这两个类有着内在的联动,此时我们进入登录页面输入用户名和密码点击登录,会进入到UserRealm类中的认证方法中。此时我们便可以在这个认证方法中对用户进行以一系列的认证操作。

UserRealm类中的认证方法:

 //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了=》认证doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        //获取当前用户
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //封装用户的的登录数据
        //用户名,密码,应该数据库中取,这边测试没有连接数据库,所以直接赋值
        String name = "root";
        String password = "123456";
        UsernamePasswordToken userToken =(UsernamePasswordToken) token;
        if(!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
            return null;    //抛出异常  UnknownAccountException
        }
        //密码认证,shiro做,不需要我们自己getPassword
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");   
    }

此时,我们只有使用:用户名:root ,密码:123456,才能登录成功,并且能够跳转到add和update页面。

5.Shiro实现用户的授权

用户的授权首先先进入ShiroConfig类中的第三步(ShiroFilterFactoryBean)中,可以设置授权过滤,没有授权的会跳转到未授权页面。

在ShiroController类中添加未授权业务:

 @RequestMapping("/noauth")
    @ResponseBody       //返回字符串
    public String unauthorized(){
        return "未经授权无法访问此页面";
    }

此时登录root,123456用户,只可以登录成功index页面,不能够访问add和update页面,因为此时该用户还没有访问这两个页面的权限。

现在我们要为用户进行授权,我们开始修改UserRealm类中的授权方法,这个授权方法,当用户登录成功后,比如点击add想要跳转到add.html页面时,便会执行该UserRealm类的授权方法。

上面代码中,没连接数据库时为用户进行授权是一个死代码,仅为测试使用,因为此时无论什么用户,这要登录成功了,点击add想要跳转到add.html页面,该代码都会给当前登录用户授权。所以要连接数据库才能实现不同用户,拥有不同的权限。

UserRealm类中的授权方法:

   //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        System.out.println("执行了=》授权doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        info.addStringPermission("user:add");       //对这一句filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");进行授权

        //拿到当前登录的这个对象(连接数据库后的操作)
        //Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //User currentUser = (User)subject.getPrincipal();  //拿到user对象
        //info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());    //未用户设置权限,perms是数据库中用户的权限
        return info;
    }

6.Shiro整合Thymeleaf

还有最后一步,就是前端页面的展示,我们希望当不同的用户登录时,index页面只显示该用户拥有权限的那一部分,比如root用户登录,此时root用户只有访问add.html页面的权限,而没有访问update.html页面的权限,此时我们希望当root用户登录index页面时,只给root用户展示add的跳转链接,而不展示update的跳转链接。这就需要我们的Shiro整合Thymeleaf进行使用了。

(1)引入Shiro整合Thymeleaf的依赖包

     <!-- Shiro-thymeleaf整合 start 需要配置 在ShiroConfig中进行了配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Shiro-thymeleaf整合 end-->

(2)ShiroConfig中进行配置

   //整合ShiroDialect:用来整合shiro thymeleaf
    @Bean
    public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
        return new ShiroDialect();
    }

(3)对index.html页面进行修改

修改后的index.html页面:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<!-- 从session中判断值 -->
<div th:if(session)>
    <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</div>
<p th:text="${msg}"></p>
<hr>

<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
    <a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>
</div>

<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
    <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
</div>

</body>
</html>

至此,我们便可以根据不同用户的登录,拥有的权限不一致,进行区别展示。

同时我们也学习完成了对Shiro的简单使用。(我这边没有进行讲解Shiro整合Mybatis的部分,是因为Mybatis是关于数据库的部分,应该是一个单独的模块,我们只需学习Mybatis的使用,便可以在Shiro中进行使用)



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