昨天去面试,面试官问了一个问题:Runnable和Thread有什么区别,因为针对这个问题以前有背过,并且网上大多数都是这些结论,所以脱口而出:
1.Thread有单继承的问题;
2.Runnable便于实现资源共享,而Thread不能;
使用Thread实现多线程
public class MyThread extends Thread {
private int ticket = 5;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
System.out.println("Thread ticket = " + ticket--);
if (ticket < 0) {
break;
}
}
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Test Thread
new MyThread().start();
new MyThread().start();
}
}
执行结果如下:
Thread ticket = 5
Thread ticket = 4
Thread ticket = 3
Thread ticket = 2
Thread ticket = 1
Thread ticket = 0
Thread ticket = 5
Thread ticket = 4
Thread ticket = 3
Thread ticket = 2
Thread ticket = 1
Thread ticket = 0
并不能实现资源共享,跟以前背的面试题答案一样;但真的是这样吗?我们仔细看一下,代码中我们创建了两个MyThread对象,每个对象都有自己的ticket成员变量,当然会多卖1倍。现在我们重新测试一下,请看测试代码:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Test Thread
MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
}
}
测试结果如下:
Thread ticket = 5
Thread ticket = 4
Thread ticket = 3
Thread ticket = 2
Thread ticket = 1
Thread ticket = 0
Thread ticket = -1
可以看到这次我们只创建了一个MyThread对象,并没出现卖两倍票的情况,Thread也可以实现资源共享。
因为多线程访问同一变量会有并发问题(需要加锁),所以Thread正确的写法如下:
public class MyThread extends Thread {
private int ticket = 5;
@Override
public void run() {
if (ticket > 0) {
synchronized (this) {
if (ticket > 0) {
while (true) {
System.out.println("Thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--Thread ticket = " + ticket--);
if (ticket < 0) {
break;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Test Thread
MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
}
}
执行结果如下:
Thread:Thread-1--Thread ticket = 5
Thread:Thread-1--Thread ticket = 4
Thread:Thread-1--Thread ticket = 3
Thread:Thread-1--Thread ticket = 2
Thread:Thread-1--Thread ticket = 1
Thread:Thread-1--Thread ticket = 0
现在看Thread和Runnable的源码:
public
class Thread implements Runnable {
/* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing <clinit> does. */
private static native void registerNatives();
static {
registerNatives();
}
private volatile String name;
private int priority;
private Thread threadQ;
private long eetop;
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
/**
* When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
* to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's
* <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
* thread.
* <p>
* The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
* take any action whatsoever.
*
* @see java.lang.Thread#run()
*/
public abstract void run();
}
下面探讨一下run()方法和start()方法的区别
线程的run()方法是由java虚拟机直接调用的,如果我们没有启动线程(没有调用线程的start()方法)而是在应用代码中直接调用run()方法,那么这个线程的run()方法其实运行在当前线程(即run()方法的调用方所在的线程)之中,而不是运行在其自身的线程中,从而违背了创建线程的初衷;
下面是一个用来说明start()方法和run()方法的区别的实例:
public class WelcomThread extends Thread {
//在该方法中实现线程的任务逻辑
public void run() {
//获取当前正在执行的线程名称
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public class TestDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread welcome = new WelcomThread(); //创建线程(动态规划)
welcome.run(); //直接调用run()方法
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread welcome1 = new WelcomThread(); //创建线程
welcome1.start(); //启动线程
}
}
运行结果:
main
main
Thread-1
结论:1、其实Thread也就是实现了Runnable接口,提供了更多的方法而已。所以说Thread与Runnable并没有什么区别。
2、如果硬要说有什么区别的话,那就是类与接口的区别,继承与实现的区别。
3、没有调用start方法,则在当前调用线程运行,是违背了创建线程的初衷
4、正确的调用方法则是调用start方法
5、只调用run方法也是可以的,只是运行在当前线程而已,非新建线程