一、mysql安装：
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# ls
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
# 运行时会创建一个socket，存放在/var/lib/mysql下，存放ip地址、端口号
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/log
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/log/error.err
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/log/query.err
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@VM-24-5-centos ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@VM-24-5-centos ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@VM-24-5-centos local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
二、配置文件
查看mysql配置文件路径：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –verbose –help |grep -A 1 ‘Default options’
具体内容：
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port=3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
character-set-server=utf8mb4
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=200M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
log-output=FILE
general_log=0
general_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/general.err
slow_query_log=ON
slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/query.err
long_query_time=10
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/error.err
default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
三、数据库初始化：
[root@VM-24-5-centos ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
注意：–user参数指定初始化的用户，如果不指定则按照当前执行命令的用户进行初始化，如果是root用户，则使用root用户进行初始化各种文件夹。
初始化完毕后可以在data目录下看到有很多数据库实例:
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# cd data/
[root@VM-24-5-centos data]# ls
auto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pem
ca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 mysql private_key.pem server-cert.pem sys
有问题可以查看log/error.err文件查看
2022-08-25T07:15:02.171562Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-08-25T07:15:02.244319Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-08-25T07:15:02.313131Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a2ece67d-2445-11ed-a8dd-5254009245d5.
2022-08-25T07:15:02.324209Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-08-25T07:15:02.613856Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-25T07:15:02.613865Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-25T07:15:02.614325Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-08-25T07:15:02.687151Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ypjx/B+-X5xk
最后一行显示产生了一个临时密码：ypjx/B±X5xk
四、mysql的启动和停止
启动mysql，要指定.cnf文件启动
/usr/local/mysql-slave/bin/mysqld –defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-slave/conf/my.cnf &
也可以通过mysqld_safe启动，当用mysqld_safe启动时，mysqld进程如果挂了，mysqld_safe会自动重启msqld进程。
/usr/local/mysql-slave/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-slave/conf/my.cnf –user=mysql &
停止MYSQL，需要指定对应的sock文件。
/usr/local/mysql-slave/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdowm -S /var/lib/mysql-slave/mysql.sock
登陆3307端口的mysql
/usr/local/mysql-slave/bin/mysql -S /var/lib/mysql-slave/mysql.sock -P 3307
下一步：配置Linux启动和停止脚本
[root@VM-24-5-centos log]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=Mysql Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE=65536
LimitNPROC=65536
重新加载systemctl配置文件：
[root@VM-24-5-centos log]# systemctl daemon-reload
启动mysql服务
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
查看mysql进程：
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql 265975 1 0 12:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
root 267275 262410 0 12:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep –color=auto mysql
查看mysql进程状态：
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
随机启动：
[root@VM-24-5-centos mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
五、mysql登录
执行mysql命令，报下面的错：
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
需要安装下面的包：
yum install -y ncurses-compat-libs
执行mysql命令，报下面的错：
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock’ (2)
创建的mysql.sock在/tmp/目录下，需要创建个软连接指向/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
使用临时密码登录mysql：
[root@VM-24-5-centos log]# mysql -uroot -pypjx/B±X5xk
修改root密码：
mysql> alter user root@‘localhost’ identified with mysql_native_password by ‘123456’;
mysql> flush privileges;
允许root远程登录：
mysql的登录名实际由两部分组成，一个是用户名，一个是登录的地址。可以看一下mysql库中的user表，主键是host和user：
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |
此时，用外网的root用户登录不了mysql，需要手动创建个host为%的root用户
mysql> create user root@‘%’ identified by ‘123456’;
mysql> flush privileges;
外网登录后无法创建数据库，提示没有权限。需要使用mysql进行授权：
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%';
mysql> flush privileges;
all表示所有权限。