实训二十四、路由器 RIP-2 配置
一、实验目的
1. 掌握动态路由的配置方法
2. 理解 RIP-2 协议的工作过程
3. 理解 RIP-2 对变长子网掩码的支持
二、应用环境
1. 在不连续的变长子网掩码环境中，RIP-1 的自动汇总会得出错误的路由
2. RIP-2 可以关闭自动汇总，从而得出正确的路由
3. 尽量不要分配不连续的子网
4. 在路由器较多的环境里，手工配置静态路由给管理员带来大的工作负担
5. 在不太稳定的网络环境里，手工修改表不现实
三、实验设备
1. DCR-2655
三台
2. 网线（交叉线） 四条
六、 实验步骤
第一步：按照上表配置所有接口的
IP
地址，保证所有接口全部是
up
状态，测试连通性
Router_config#
hostname RA
RA_config#
interface g0/3
RA_config_g0/3#
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
RA_config_g0/3#
no shutdown
RA_config_g0/3#
exit
RA_config#
interface g0/4
RA_config_g0/4#
ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
RA_config_g0/4#
no shutdown
RA_config_g0/4#
exit
RB
、
RC
配置命令
略
第二步：配置
RA
的
RIP-1
RA_config#
router rip
RA_config_rip#
network 192.168.1.0
RA_config_rip#
network 172.16.3.0 !
在
RIP-1
里掩码是没有意义的
RA_config_rip#^Z
第三步：查看
RA
的路由表
RA#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected
D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area
ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2
DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
第四步：配置
RB
的
RIP-1
协议
RB_config#
router rip
RB_config_rip#
network 192.168.1.0
RB_config_rip#
network 192.168.2.0
RB_config_rip#
exit
第五步：查看
RB
上的路由表
RB#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected
D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area
ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2
DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3)
！注意是有类的地址
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
第六步：配置路由器
C
的
RIP-1
协议
RC_config#
router rip
RC_config_rip#
net 192.168.2.0
RC_config_rip#
net 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0
！
RIP-1
是有类的路由协议
RC_config_rip#
^Z
第七步：再次查看路由器
B
的路由表
!
注意延时，等一会再
show ip route
RB#show ip routeCodes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected
D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area
ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2
DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
[120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3)
！由于有类路由的自动汇总，出现了错误的路由
R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
第八步：在所有路由器上配置
RIP-2
协议并关闭自动汇总
RA_config#
router rip
RA_config
#version 2
！指明为版本
2
RA_config
# no auto-summary
！关闭自动汇总
RB_config#
router rip
RB_config_rip#
version 2
RB_config_rip#
no auto-summary
RC_config#
router rip
RC_config_rip#
version 2
RC_config_rip#
no auto-summary
第九步：五分钟后再次查看所有的路由表
A
的路由表
RA#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected
D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area
ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2
DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2(on GigaEthernet0/3)
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2(on GigaEthernet0/3)
B
的路由表
RB_config#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected
D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2
DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
R 172.16.3.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3)
！正确的路由
R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
C
的路由表
RC#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected
D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area
ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2
DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,2] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)
R 172.16.3.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 172.16.4.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
！注意到所有网段都学习到了正确掩码的路由
第十步：相关的查看命令
RA#
show ip rip
！显示
RIP
状态
Update: 30, Expire: 180, Holddown: 120
Input-queue: 50
Validate-update-source: Enable
Neighbor List:
RA
#sh ip rip protocol
！显示协议细节
RIP is Active
update interval 30(s), Invalid interval 180(s)
Holddown interval 120(s), Trigger interval 5(s)
Automatic network summarization: Disable
Network List:
network 192.168.1.0
network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
Filter list:
Offset list:
Redistribute policy:Interface send version and receive version:
Global version : V2
Interface Send-version Recv-version Nbr_number
GigaEthernet0/3 V2 V2 3
GigaEthernet0/4 V2 V2 0
Distance: 0 (default is 120):
Maximum route count: 1024, Current route count:6
RA#show ip rip database !
显示
RIP
数据库
172.16.0.0/16 auto-summary
172.16.0.0/16 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:23
172.16.3.0/24 directly connected GigaEthernet0/4
172.16.4.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:03
192.168.1.0/24 directly connected GigaEthernet0/3
192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:03
RB
、
RC
相关配置查看
略
七、注意事项和排错
1.只能宣告直连的网段
2.宣告时不附加掩码
3.分配地址时最好是连续的子网，以免 RIP 汇聚出现错误
4.路由器对路由表作用时，均有反应时间
更新（Update）周期时间—30 秒
失效（Invalid）计时器—180 秒
清空（Flushed）计时器—270 秒
抑制（Hold-down）计时器—180 秒
八、配置命令
RA#show run
Building configuration…
Current configuration:
!
!version 1.3.3H
service timestamps log date
service timestamps debug date
no service password-encryption
!
hostname RA
!
gbsc group default
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/3ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/4
ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/5
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/6
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Async0/0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.1.0
network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
!
RA#
RB、 RC 配置命令 略