一. 类与对象的概念
一个游戏里面的组成元素其实都是一个个的对象，而
对象又是在类中的一个实例
。
比如你是一个人，而你所属的类别叫做人类，你是人类中的一个实例。类中可以定义属性和方法，而对象是具有这些属性和方法的。方法可以就理解为函数。
比如人类有身高体重等属性，有走路和奔跑等方法。
属性是静态特征，方法是动态行为
那么由此我们可以类比到游戏里面，我们可以定义一个飞机类。
飞机要呈现出来要有属性图像吧，你的飞机要移动得有属性速度吧，如果给飞机一个生命值，那是不是得有一个属性血量值，这是最基本得属性，还有别的属性我们后面讲。
上面的属性有感觉了吧，是不是就是用来描述飞机得静态特征的。
飞机要动起来是不是得有一个移动方法，比如键盘上得↑↓←→来控制飞机的移动；飞机要发射子弹是不是得有一个发射子弹的方法；上面我们给出了飞机的图像属性，那么飞机如何搬到游戏界面上 是不是得再来一个方法，把飞机得那张图像搬到游戏界面上。
方法是不是用来描述飞机的动态行为的
咱们对属性和方法有了初步的了解，现在我们对类再来深入了解一下。
我们是人类，但同时我们是不是也是动物，我们不是植物所以我们没有植物的那一套东西。但是我们是动物，动物会呼吸吧，动物会移动吧。所以我们人类会呼吸会移动。同时，鸟类是不是也是动物，他们也会呼吸会移动。所以
人类是动物，鸟类也是动物。动物也是一个类，人类是动物的子类，动物称作父类，动物所具备的，我们人类也具备，鸟类也具备。所以子类可以继承父类。
动物会进食，人类和鸟类也会进食，但是人类和鸟类进食的方式是不一样的，人类进食需要先将食物搞熟，将食物搞美味，并且在用餐的时候会使用工具，而鸟类直接通过喙进食。进食是动物的方法，也是人类和鸟类的方法，但动物的进食方法很抽象，人类和鸟类的进食方法很具体，所以在写子类的时候可以将父类抽象的方法写得更具体。
所以
子类在继承父类的时候可以将父类的方法覆盖重写。这被称为继承的多态性。
二. 模块与包 — 我们站在巨人的肩膀上
我们在了解上面的内容之后，我在想一个问题，既然子类可以继承父类，那么我的飞机类是不是也可以继承它的父类，那样的话，我不就可以在他的父类上面修修补补不就行了。
对的，由于类的继承性，我们可以站在巨人的肩膀上，父类让别人给我写好，我直接继承，拿来吧你。
所以面向对象语言生态圈里就有这么一群人，他们专门写一些父类与模块，然后供别人使用。
pygame模块里就有一个精灵类，游戏里面的飞机类，子弹类，都可以继承这个精灵类。最下面有介绍精灵类里面的一些方法。
面向对象语言中，多个类和多个对象的关系是一个树形图的关系，大类就是树干，子类就是枝干，对象就是叶子。比如pygame.sprite.Sprite就是pygame.sprite的子类
pygame里面的各种类和方法，就是给出了树干，剩下的叶子根据我们的需求自己去完善
三. 思路大纲
我方飞机类 Class MyPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
敌方飞机类 Class EnemyPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
我方子弹类 Class MyBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
敌方子弹类 Class EnemyBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
游戏声音类 Class GameSound:
爆炸类 Class Bomb:
游戏背景类 Class GameBackgroud:
游戏管理类 Class Manager:
————————————————————————-
“由于我方飞机与敌方飞机共用的属性和方法非常少(本例中 他们的图片 速度 矩形区域等等属性都不一样)所以直接定义两个类（如果他们共用的属性和方法很多的话，我们可以定义一个他们的父类Plane）。”
细讲类里面的方法与属性(实例属性定义在初始化方法中，类属性的值在所有实例之间共享)：
Class MyPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
初始化方法 def __init__(self,screen): # 初始化就相当于一个具体对象的出生，定义各项属性
键盘控制方法 def key_control(self): # 飞机要移动需定义键盘控制方法
显示方法 def display(self): # 显示飞机图像，显示子弹图像，
更新方法 def update(self): # 更新飞机按键状态和显示状态
清除子弹方法 @classmethod
def clear_bullets(cls): # 类方法，清除子弹，避免子弹对象占用过多系统资源
Class EnemyPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
有和上面类似的初始化方法，显示方法，更新方法。
自动移动方法 def auto_move(self): # 敌方飞机自动移动
自动开火方法 def auto_fire(self): # 敌方飞机自动开火
清除子弹方法
Class MyBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
初始化方法
更新方法
Class EnemyBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
初始化方法
更新方法
Class GameSound:
初始化方法 #加载下面的两种音乐
背景音乐方法
爆炸音效方法
Class Bomb:
初始化方法
爆炸触发方法 def action(self,rect): # 爆炸的位置与是否爆炸的开关
爆炸绘画方法 def draw(self): # 爆炸的动画绘制
# 爆炸与背景移动本质上是类似的 两张图片的切换形成爆炸图像效果
都有触发方法和绘制
只不过一个需要触发条件 一个是一直触发
Class GameBackgroud:
初始化方法
背景移动方法 def move(self):
背景绘制方法 def draw(self):
Class Manager:
类属性定义(给其他方法共享)
初始化方法
游戏退出方法 def exit(self):
显示游戏结束文字方法 def show_over_text(self):
游戏结束倒计时方法 def game_over_timer(self):
游戏重新开始方法 def start_game(self):
更新玩家飞机方法 def new_player(self):
更新敌方飞机方法 def new_enemy(self):
显示文本方法 def drawText(self,text,x,y, textHeight=30,
fontColor=(255,0,0), backgroundColor=None):
主方法 def main(self):
四. 代码实现细节
我方飞机类
class HeroPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# group to store all aircraft bullets
bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()将子弹添加到pygame.sprite.Group()中，方便对子弹对象进行批量处理和管理
def __init__(self, screen):
# The initialization method of this sprite must be called:
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# Create a picture as a player's plane
self.player = pygame.image.load("./photo/hero1.png")
# getting a rectangle object based on the image
self.rect = self.player.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = [Manager.bg_size[0]/ 2 - 134 / 2 , 580]
# aircraft speed
self.speed = 4
self.screen = screen
# list of loaded bullets
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()初始化，将我方飞机像生小孩一样生下来。然后给飞机加载图像，“ . ”表示当前目录，“ .. ”表示上级目录。”./photo/hero1.png”表示在当前python脚本目录下的’photo’目录中查找’hero1.png’文件。
先定义一下 self.player ，加载玩家飞机图像 然后再self.rect=self.player.get_rect 相当于self.rect=pygame.image.load(“./photo/hero1.png”).get_rect
topleft是get_rect里面的，代表着图像坐上角的坐标，x定为背景图片的x/2-飞机x/2 y定为靠下方就行了(根据你背景图片的像素) 飞机速度自己定 self.screen = screen 以便后续飞机的display方法使用，将飞机显示到窗口上。
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()将飞机子弹放入精灵组方便后续统一处理和管理
def key_control(self):
# Listen for keyboard events
key_pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if key_pressed[K_w] or key_pressed[K_UP]:
self.rect.top -= self.speed
if key_pressed[K_s] or key_pressed[K_DOWN]:
self.rect.bottom += self.speed
if key_pressed[K_a] or key_pressed[K_LEFT]:
self.rect.left -= self.speed
if key_pressed[K_d] or key_pressed[K_RIGHT]:
self.rect.right += self.speed
if key_pressed[K_SPACE]:
# Create a new bullet
bullet = Bullet(self.screen, self.rect.left, self.rect.top)
self.bullets.add(bullet)
HeroPlane.bullets.add(bullet)因为窗口坐标左上角为原点，所以飞机往上就是y值(top)减小，往左就是x值(left)减小
我们把飞机的左上角的坐标参数传给我方子弹类，
self.bullets.add(bullet)是将子弹添加到此飞机的列表里方便后续管理
HeroPlane.bullets.add(bullet)是将子弹添加到我方的所有飞机的列表里，如果我方只有一个飞机，此行代码可不要
def display(self):
# 3.Paste the player picture into the window
self.screen.blit(self.player, self.rect)
# updating the coordinates of the bullet
self.bullets.update()
# adding all bullets to the screen
self.bullets.draw(self.screen)
def update(self):
self.key_control()
self.display()
@classmethod
def clear_bullets(cls):
# clearing bullets
cls.bullets.empty()blit是block transfer的缩写，将图像复制到屏幕上。参数为图像self.player,和位置self.rect
@classmethod
是 Python 中的一个装饰器（decorator），它可以将一个方法转换为类方法（classmethod）。类方法是针对类而不是针对实例的方法，它可以通过类名直接调用，而不需要创建实例对象。类方法的第一个参数通常被命名为
cls
，它指代当前的类本身。cls缩写自class
前面在定义HeroPlane类时定义了bullets为类属性，所以在类方法中用
cls.bullets
这种方式来访问类属性
empty()
方法是
pygame.sprite.Group
类的一个方法，用于清空一个 sprite 组中所有的 sprite 对象
class EnemyPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# all enemy bullets
enemy_bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
def __init__(self, screen):
# The initialization method of this sprite must be called:
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# Create a picture as a player's plane
self.player = pygame.image.load("./photo/enemy0.png")
# getting a rectangle object based on the image
self.rect = self.player.get_rect()
x = random.randrange(1, Manager.bg_size[0], 50)
self.rect.topleft = [x, 0]
# aircraft speed
self.speed = 4
self.screen = screen
# list of loaded bullets
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
# direction of enemy aircraft movement
self.direction = 'right'
def display(self):
# Paste the player picture into the window
self.screen.blit(self.player, self.rect)
# updating the coordinates of the bullet
self.bullets.update()
# adding all bullets to the screen
self.bullets.draw(self.screen)敌方飞机类与我方飞机类定义差不多，敌方飞机时随机生成的
x = random.randrange(1, Manager.bg_size[0], 50) (python内置函数，1到窗口x值大小，生成步长为50的随机数)
def update(self):
self.auto_move()
self.auto_fire()
self.display()
def auto_move(self):
if self.direction == 'right':
self.rect.right += self.speed
elif self.direction == 'left':
self.rect.right -= self.speed
if self.rect.right > Manager.bg_size[0] - 51:
self.direction = 'left'
elif self.rect.right < 0 :
self.direction = 'right'
self.rect.bottom += self.speed
def auto_fire(self):
"""automatic firing,creating a bullet object,and adding it to the list"""
random_num = random.randint(1, 40)
if random_num == 8 :
bullet = EnemyBullet(self.screen,self.rect.left,self.rect.top)
self.bullets.add(bullet)
# adding bullets to the bullet group of the class property
EnemyPlane.enemy_bullets.add(bullet)
@classmethod
def clear_bullets(cls):
# clearing bullets
cls.enemy_bullets.empty()同前面类似
# bullet class
# attribute
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, screen, x, y):
# sprite class initialization
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# creating an image
self.image = pygame.image.load('./photo/bullet.png')
# getting a rectangle object
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = [x + 100/2 - 22/2 , y - 22]
# screen
self.screen = screen
# speed
self.speed = 30
def update(self):
# modifying the bullet's coordinates
self.rect.top -= self.speed
# if the bullet moves above the screen , destroy the bullet
if self.rect.top < -22:
self.kill()
# enemy bullet class
# attribute
class EnemyBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, screen, x, y):
# sprite class initialization
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# creating an image
self.image = pygame.image.load('./photo/bullet1.png')
# getting a rectangle object
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = [x + 50/2 - 8/2, y + 39 ]
# screen
self.screen = screen
# speed
self.speed = 6
def update(self):
# modifying the bullet's coordinates
self.rect.top += self.speed
# if the bullet moves above the screen , destroy the bullet
if self.rect.top > Manager.bg_size[1]:
self.kill()class GameSound(object):
def __init__(self):
pygame.mixer.init() # music module initialization
pygame.mixer.music.load('./photo/bg2.ogg')
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.5) # sound level
self.__bomb = pygame.mixer.Sound('./photo/bomb.wav')
def playBackgroundMusic(self):
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) # begin playing music
def playBombSound(self):
pygame.mixer.Sound.play(self.__bomb)
class Bomb(object):
# initializing collision
def __init__(self,screen , type):
self.screen = screen
if type == "enemy":
# loading explosion resources
self.mImages = [pygame.image.load("./photo/enemy0_down" + str(v) + ".png") for v in range(1, 5)]
else:
self.mImages = [pygame.image.load("./photo/hero_blowup_n" + str(v) + ".png") for v in range(1, 5)]
# setting the current explosion playback index
self.mIndex = 0
# explosing settings
self.mPos = [0, 0]
self.mVisible = False
# setting the position
def action(self,rect):
# triggering the explosing method draw
# explosing coordinates
self.mPos[0] = rect.left
self.mPos[1] = rect.top
# turning on the explosing switch
self.mVisible = True
# drawing the explosing
def draw(self):
if not self.mVisible :
return
self.screen.blit(self.mImages[self.mIndex],(self.mPos[0], self.mPos[1]))
self.mIndex += 1
if self.mIndex >= len(self.mImages):
self.mIndex = 0
self.mVisible = False
class GameBackground(object):
# map initialization
def __init__(self, screen):
self.mImage1 = pygame.image.load("./photo/background.jpg")
self.mImage2 = pygame.image.load("./photo/background.jpg")
# window
self.screen = screen
# assist in moving the map
self.y1 = 0
self.y2 = -Manager.bg_size[1] # -768
# moving the map
def move(self):
self.y1 += 2
self.y2 += 2
if self.y1 >= Manager.bg_size[1]:
self.y1 = 0
if self.y2 >= 0:
self.y2 = -Manager.bg_size[1]
# drawing the map
def draw(self):
self.screen.blit(self.mImage1, (0, self.y1))
self.screen.blit(self.mImage2, (0, self.y2))class Manager:
bg_size = (512, 768)
# ID of the timer for creating enemy aircraft
create_enemy_id = 10
# countdown ID when the game ends
game_over_id = 11
# if the game is over
is_game_over = False
# countdown time
over_time = 2
def __init__(self):
pygame.init()
# 1.Create a window
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(Manager.bg_size, 0, 32)
# 2.Create a picture as a background
# self.background = pygame.image.load("./photo/background.jpg")
self.map = GameBackground(self.screen)
# initializing a group to hold the player sprite
self.players = pygame.sprite.Group()
# initializing a group to hold the enemy sprite
self.enemys = pygame.sprite.Group()
# initializing an object for player explosion
self.player_bomb = Bomb(self.screen, 'player')
# initializing an object for enemy explosion
self.enemy_bomb = Bomb(self.screen, 'enemy')
# initializing an object for sound playback
self.sound = GameSound()
def exit(self):
print('exit')
pygame.quit()
exit()
def show_over_text(self):
# game over, restarting the game after the countdown
self.drawText('gameover %d'% Manager.over_time, 100, Manager.bg_size[1]/2, textHeight=50, fontColor=[255,0,0])
def game_over_timer(self):
self.show_over_text()
# decrementing the countdown by 1
Manager.over_time -= 1
if Manager.over_time == 0 :
# halting the timer
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.game_over_id, 0)
# restarting the game after the countdown
Manager.over_time = 3
Manager.is_game_over = False
self.start_game()
def start_game(self):
# restarting game, some class properties need to be cleared
EnemyPlane.clear_bullets()
HeroPlane.clear_bullets()
manager = Manager()
manager.main()
def new_player(self):
# creating an aircraft object and adding it to the player's group
player = HeroPlane(self.screen)
self.players.add(player)
def new_enemy(self):
# creating an enemy aircraft object and adding it to the player's group
enemy = EnemyPlane(self.screen)
self.enemys.add(enemy)
# drawing text
def drawText(self,text,x,y, textHeight=30, fontColor=(255,0,0), backgroundColor=None):
# getting a font object from a text file
font_obj = pygame.font.Font('./photo/baddf.ttf', textHeight)
# configuring the text to be displayed
text_obj = font_obj.render(text,True,fontColor,backgroundColor)
# getting the rect of the object to be displayed
text_rect = text_obj.get_rect()
# setting the coordinates of the display object
text_rect.topleft = (x, y)
# drawing text to a specified area
self.screen.blit(text_obj, text_rect)
def main(self):
# playing background music
self.sound.playBackgroundMusic()
# creating a player aircraft
self.new_player()
# starting the timer to creat enemy aircraft
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.create_enemy_id, 1000)
while True:
# 3.Paste the background picture into the window
# self.screen.blit(self.background, (0, 0))
# moving the map
self.map.move()
# attaching the map to the window
self.map.draw()
# drawing text
self.drawText('hp: 1000', 0, 0)
if Manager.is_game_over:
# displaying the game over text only when the game is over
self.show_over_text()
# Get the event
for event in pygame.event.get():
# Determine the even type
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
self.exit()
elif event.type == Manager.create_enemy_id:
# creating an enemy aircraft
self.new_enemy()
elif event.type == Manager.game_over_id:
# the event that is triggered by the timer
self.game_over_timer()
# calling the explosion object
self.player_bomb.draw()
self.enemy_bomb.draw()
# collision detection between player aircraft and enemy bullets
if self.players.sprites():
isover = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self.players.sprites()[0], EnemyPlane.enemy_bullets, True)
if isover:
Manager.is_game_over = True
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.game_over_id, 1000)
print('being hit')
self.player_bomb.action(self.players.sprites()[0].rect)
# removing the player aircraft from the sprite group
self.players.remove(self.players.sprites()[0])
# explosion sound
self.sound.playBombSound()
# detecting collision
iscollide = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.players, self.enemys, True, True)
if iscollide:
Manager.is_game_over = True # indicates that the game is over
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.game_over_id, 1000) # starting the game countdown
items = list(iscollide.items())[0]
print(items)
x = items[0]
y = items[1][0]
# player aircraft explosion image
self.player_bomb.action(x.rect)
# enemy aircraft explosion image
self.enemy_bomb.action(y.rect)
# explosion sound
self.sound.playBombSound()
# collision detection between player bullets and all enemy aircraft
is_enemy = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(HeroPlane.bullets,self.enemys,True,True)
if is_enemy:
items = list(is_enemy.items())[0]
y = items[1][0]
# enemy aircraft explosion image
self.enemy_bomb.action(y.rect)
# explosion sound
self.sound.playBombSound()
# display of the player aircraft and bullets
self.players.update()
# display of the enemy aircraft and bullets
self.enemys.update()
# refreshing the window content
pygame.display.update()
time.delay(15)
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager = Manager()
manager.main()管理类中先定义类属性，然后再定义初始化方法，退出方法，显示结束文字方法，游戏结束倒计时方法，重新开始游戏方法，创建新的玩家角色方法，创建新的敌机方法，显示文本方法和主方法
主方法是面向过程的，你要把管理的过程逻辑写出来
五. pygame里的一些类与方法
Pygame.sprite.Sprite 类中常用的一些方法：
__init__(self)：初始化方法，用于设置精灵的初始属性，例如位置、速度、图像等。
update(self)：精灵的更新方法，用于处理精灵的行为逻辑，例如移动、旋转、发射子弹等。
kill(self)：从所有精灵组中删除精灵。
add(self, *groups)：将精灵添加到一个或多个精灵组中。
remove(self, *groups)：将精灵从一个或多个精灵组中删除。
groups(self)：返回包含精灵所属精灵组的列表。
alive(self)：返回一个布尔值，表示精灵是否存活。
collide_rect(self, other_sprite)：检测精灵与另一个精灵是否碰撞。
collide_rectangle(self, rect)：检测精灵与一个矩形区域是否碰撞。
collide_mask(self, other_sprite)：检测精灵与另一个精灵的透明像素是否重叠。
image(self)：返回精灵的图像。
rect(self)：返回精灵的矩形区域，用于碰撞检测和绘制。
rect.x 和 rect.y：表示精灵的位置，可以直接修改来移动精灵。
rect.centerx 和 rect.centery：表示精灵的中心位置。
rect.width 和 rect.height：表示精灵的宽度和高度。
rect.left、rect.right、rect.top、rect.bottom：表示精灵的左、右、上、下边缘的位置。
需要注意的是，Pygame.sprite.Sprite 类只是一个基类，它并没有实现所有的方法。我们通常需要自己定义子类来实现一些具体的方法和属性。
——————————————————————————————————–
pygame.sprite.Group
是 Pygame 中用于管理和操作 Sprite 对象的类。以下是
pygame.sprite.Group
中常用的方法的详细解释：
-
__init__(self, *sprites)
: 初始化 Group 对象。可以传入一个或多个 Sprite 对象作为参数，也可以不传入任何参数。 -
add(self, *sprites)
: 将一个或多个 Sprite 对象添加到 Group 中。 -
remove(self, *sprites)
: 将一个或多个 Sprite 对象从 Group 中移除。 -
sprites(self) -> List[Sprite]
: 返回 Group 中所有 Sprite 对象的列表。 -
clear(self)
: 将 Group 中所有 Sprite 对象移除。 -
empty(self) -> bool
: 返回一个布尔值，表示 Group 是否为空。 -
update(self, *args)
: 更新 Group 中所有 Sprite 对象的状态。可以传入任意数量的参数，这些参数将会被传递给每个 Sprite 对象的
update()
方法。 -
draw(self, surface)
: 在指定的 Surface 对象上绘制 Group 中所有 Sprite 对象
六. 飞机大战所需图片及音乐素材包
留言领取
七. 飞机大战完整代码示例
import random
import time
import pygame
from pygame import *
class HeroPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# group to store all aircraft bullets
bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
def __init__(self, screen):
# The initialization method of this sprite must be called:
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# Create a picture as a player's plane
self.player = pygame.image.load("./photo/hero1.png")
# getting a rectangle object based on the image
self.rect = self.player.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = [Manager.bg_size[0]/ 2 - 134 / 2 , 580]
# aircraft speed
self.speed = 4
self.screen = screen
# list of loaded bullets
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
def key_control(self):
# Listen for keyboard events
key_pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if key_pressed[K_w] or key_pressed[K_UP]:
self.rect.top -= self.speed
if key_pressed[K_s] or key_pressed[K_DOWN]:
self.rect.bottom += self.speed
if key_pressed[K_a] or key_pressed[K_LEFT]:
self.rect.left -= self.speed
if key_pressed[K_d] or key_pressed[K_RIGHT]:
self.rect.right += self.speed
if key_pressed[K_SPACE]:
# Create a new bullet
bullet = Bullet(self.screen, self.rect.left, self.rect.top)
self.bullets.add(bullet)
HeroPlane.bullets.add(bullet)
def display(self):
# 3.Paste the player picture into the window
self.screen.blit(self.player, self.rect)
# updating the coordinates of the bullet
self.bullets.update()
# adding all bullets to the screen
self.bullets.draw(self.screen)
def update(self):
self.key_control()
self.display()
@classmethod
def clear_bullets(cls):
# clearing bullets
cls.bullets.empty()
class EnemyPlane(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# all enemy bullets
enemy_bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
def __init__(self, screen):
# The initialization method of this sprite must be called:
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# Create a picture as a player's plane
self.player = pygame.image.load("./photo/enemy0.png")
# getting a rectangle object based on the image
self.rect = self.player.get_rect()
x = random.randrange(1, Manager.bg_size[0], 50)
self.rect.topleft = [x, 0]
# aircraft speed
self.speed = 4
self.screen = screen
# list of loaded bullets
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
# direction of enemy aircraft movement
self.direction = 'right'
def display(self):
# Paste the player picture into the window
self.screen.blit(self.player, self.rect)
# updating the coordinates of the bullet
self.bullets.update()
# adding all bullets to the screen
self.bullets.draw(self.screen)
def update(self):
self.auto_move()
self.auto_fire()
self.display()
def auto_move(self):
if self.direction == 'right':
self.rect.right += self.speed
elif self.direction == 'left':
self.rect.right -= self.speed
if self.rect.right > Manager.bg_size[0] - 51:
self.direction = 'left'
elif self.rect.right < 0 :
self.direction = 'right'
self.rect.bottom += self.speed
def auto_fire(self):
"""automatic firing,creating a bullet object,and adding it to the list"""
random_num = random.randint(1, 40)
if random_num == 8 :
bullet = EnemyBullet(self.screen,self.rect.left,self.rect.top)
self.bullets.add(bullet)
# adding bullets to the bullet group of the class property
EnemyPlane.enemy_bullets.add(bullet)
@classmethod
def clear_bullets(cls):
# clearing bullets
cls.enemy_bullets.empty()
# bullet class
# attribute
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, screen, x, y):
# sprite class initialization
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# creating an image
self.image = pygame.image.load('./photo/bullet.png')
# getting a rectangle object
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = [x + 100/2 - 22/2 , y - 22]
# screen
self.screen = screen
# speed
self.speed = 30
def update(self):
# modifying the bullet's coordinates
self.rect.top -= self.speed
# if the bullet moves above the screen , destroy the bullet
if self.rect.top < -22:
self.kill()
# enemy bullet class
# attribute
class EnemyBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, screen, x, y):
# sprite class initialization
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# creating an image
self.image = pygame.image.load('./photo/bullet1.png')
# getting a rectangle object
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = [x + 50/2 - 8/2, y + 39 ]
# screen
self.screen = screen
# speed
self.speed = 6
def update(self):
# modifying the bullet's coordinates
self.rect.top += self.speed
# if the bullet moves above the screen , destroy the bullet
if self.rect.top > Manager.bg_size[1]:
self.kill()
class GameSound(object):
def __init__(self):
pygame.mixer.init() # music module initialization
pygame.mixer.music.load('./photo/bg2.ogg')
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.5) # sound level
self.__bomb = pygame.mixer.Sound('./photo/bomb.wav')
def playBackgroundMusic(self):
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) # begin playing music
def playBombSound(self):
pygame.mixer.Sound.play(self.__bomb)
class Bomb(object):
# initializing collision
def __init__(self,screen , type):
self.screen = screen
if type == "enemy":
# loading explosion resources
self.mImages = [pygame.image.load("./photo/enemy0_down" + str(v) + ".png") for v in range(1, 5)]
else:
self.mImages = [pygame.image.load("./photo/hero_blowup_n" + str(v) + ".png") for v in range(1, 5)]
# setting the current explosion playback index
self.mIndex = 0
# explosing settings
self.mPos = [0, 0]
self.mVisible = False
# setting the position
def action(self,rect):
# triggering the explosing method draw
# explosing coordinates
self.mPos[0] = rect.left
self.mPos[1] = rect.top
# turning on the explosing switch
self.mVisible = True
# drawing the explosing
def draw(self):
if not self.mVisible :
return
self.screen.blit(self.mImages[self.mIndex],(self.mPos[0], self.mPos[1]))
self.mIndex += 1
if self.mIndex >= len(self.mImages):
self.mIndex = 0
self.mVisible = False
class GameBackground(object):
# map initialization
def __init__(self, screen):
self.mImage1 = pygame.image.load("./photo/background.jpg")
self.mImage2 = pygame.image.load("./photo/background.jpg")
# window
self.screen = screen
# assist in moving the map
self.y1 = 0
self.y2 = -Manager.bg_size[1] # -768
# moving the map
def move(self):
self.y1 += 2
self.y2 += 2
if self.y1 >= Manager.bg_size[1]:
self.y1 = 0
if self.y2 >= 0:
self.y2 = -Manager.bg_size[1]
# drawing the map
def draw(self):
self.screen.blit(self.mImage1, (0, self.y1))
self.screen.blit(self.mImage2, (0, self.y2))
class Manager:
bg_size = (512, 768)
# ID of the timer for creating enemy aircraft
create_enemy_id = 10
# countdown ID when the game ends
game_over_id = 11
# if the game is over
is_game_over = False
# countdown time
over_time = 2
def __init__(self):
pygame.init()
# 1.Create a window
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(Manager.bg_size, 0, 32)
# 2.Create a picture as a background
# self.background = pygame.image.load("./photo/background.jpg")
self.map = GameBackground(self.screen)
# initializing a group to hold the player sprite
self.players = pygame.sprite.Group()
# initializing a group to hold the enemy sprite
self.enemys = pygame.sprite.Group()
# initializing an object for player explosion
self.player_bomb = Bomb(self.screen, 'player')
# initializing an object for enemy explosion
self.enemy_bomb = Bomb(self.screen, 'enemy')
# initializing an object for sound playback
self.sound = GameSound()
def exit(self):
print('exit')
pygame.quit()
exit()
def show_over_text(self):
# game over, restarting the game after the countdown
self.drawText('gameover %d'% Manager.over_time, 100, Manager.bg_size[1]/2, textHeight=50, fontColor=[255,0,0])
def game_over_timer(self):
self.show_over_text()
# decrementing the countdown by 1
Manager.over_time -= 1
if Manager.over_time == 0 :
# halting the timer
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.game_over_id, 0)
# restarting the game after the countdown
Manager.over_time = 3
Manager.is_game_over = False
self.start_game()
def start_game(self):
# restarting game, some class properties need to be cleared
EnemyPlane.clear_bullets()
HeroPlane.clear_bullets()
manager = Manager()
manager.main()
def new_player(self):
# creating an aircraft object and adding it to the player's group
player = HeroPlane(self.screen)
self.players.add(player)
def new_enemy(self):
# creating an enemy aircraft object and adding it to the player's group
enemy = EnemyPlane(self.screen)
self.enemys.add(enemy)
# drawing text
def drawText(self,text,x,y, textHeight=30, fontColor=(255,0,0), backgroundColor=None):
# getting a font object from a text file
font_obj = pygame.font.Font('./photo/baddf.ttf', textHeight)
# configuring the text to be displayed
text_obj = font_obj.render(text,True,fontColor,backgroundColor)
# getting the rect of the object to be displayed
text_rect = text_obj.get_rect()
# setting the coordinates of the display object
text_rect.topleft = (x, y)
# drawing text to a specified area
self.screen.blit(text_obj, text_rect)
def main(self):
# playing background music
self.sound.playBackgroundMusic()
# creating a player aircraft
self.new_player()
# starting the timer to creat enemy aircraft
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.create_enemy_id, 1000)
while True:
# 3.Paste the background picture into the window
# self.screen.blit(self.background, (0, 0))
# moving the map
self.map.move()
# attaching the map to the window
self.map.draw()
# drawing text
self.drawText('hp: 1000', 0, 0)
if Manager.is_game_over:
# displaying the game over text only when the game is over
self.show_over_text()
# Get the event
for event in pygame.event.get():
# Determine the even type
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
self.exit()
elif event.type == Manager.create_enemy_id:
# creating an enemy aircraft
self.new_enemy()
elif event.type == Manager.game_over_id:
# the event that is triggered by the timer
self.game_over_timer()
# calling the explosion object
self.player_bomb.draw()
self.enemy_bomb.draw()
# collision detection between player aircraft and enemy bullets
if self.players.sprites():
isover = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self.players.sprites()[0], EnemyPlane.enemy_bullets, True)
if isover:
Manager.is_game_over = True
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.game_over_id, 1000)
print('being hit')
self.player_bomb.action(self.players.sprites()[0].rect)
# removing the player aircraft from the sprite group
self.players.remove(self.players.sprites()[0])
# explosion sound
self.sound.playBombSound()
# detecting collision
iscollide = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.players, self.enemys, True, True)
if iscollide:
Manager.is_game_over = True # indicates that the game is over
pygame.time.set_timer(Manager.game_over_id, 1000) # starting the game countdown
items = list(iscollide.items())[0]
print(items)
x = items[0]
y = items[1][0]
# player aircraft explosion image
self.player_bomb.action(x.rect)
# enemy aircraft explosion image
self.enemy_bomb.action(y.rect)
# explosion sound
self.sound.playBombSound()
# collision detection between player bullets and all enemy aircraft
is_enemy = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(HeroPlane.bullets,self.enemys,True,True)
if is_enemy:
items = list(is_enemy.items())[0]
y = items[1][0]
# enemy aircraft explosion image
self.enemy_bomb.action(y.rect)
# explosion sound
self.sound.playBombSound()
# display of the player aircraft and bullets
self.players.update()
# display of the enemy aircraft and bullets
self.enemys.update()
# refreshing the window content
pygame.display.update()
time.delay(15)
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager = Manager()
manager.main()