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JAVA DecimalFormat 保留小数位以及四舍五入的陷阱

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需求

业务需要导出的Excel的数字内容保留两位小数,并且四舍五入



代码实现

百度一圈所抄袭的代码 

DecimalFormat dfScale2 = new DecimalFormat("###.##");
dfScale2.format(1.125D);



发现问题

导出数据很诡异.不是所有数据都是如所想的四舍五入.

经过排查最终发现是

RoundingMode

的问题,应该使用

HALF_UP

,

DecimalFormat 默认使用的是

HALF_EVEN
 

DecimalFormat dfScale2 = new DecimalFormat("###.##");
System.out.println("dfScale2.getRoundingMode()=" + dfScale2.getRoundingMode());
//输出结果
dfScale2.getRoundingMode()=HALF_EVEN

@Test
    public void decimalFormatTest() {
        DecimalFormat decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN = new DecimalFormat("#.##");
        decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
        System.out.println("decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN.format(new BigDecimal(12.245))=" + decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN.format(new BigDecimal(12.245D)));
        System.out.println("decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN.format(new BigDecimal(\"12.245\"))=" + decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN.format(new BigDecimal("12.245")));
//        decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN.format(new BigDecimal(12.245))=12.24
//        decimalFormat_HAFL_EVEN.format(new BigDecimal("12.245"))=12.24

        DecimalFormat decimalFormat_HALF_UP = new DecimalFormat("#.##");
        decimalFormat_HALF_UP.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
        System.out.println("decimalFormat_HALF_UP.format(new BigDecimal(12.245))=" + decimalFormat_HALF_UP.format(new BigDecimal(12.245D)));
        System.out.println("decimalFormat_HALF_UP.format(new BigDecimal(\"12.245\"))=" + decimalFormat_HALF_UP.format(new BigDecimal("12.245")));
//        decimalFormat_HALF_UP.format(new BigDecimal(12.245))=12.24
//        decimalFormat_HALF_UP.format(new BigDecimal("12.245"))=12.25
    }



RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN

想了解

HALF_EVEN

,去官网API看了下

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/math/RoundingMode.html


HALF_EVEN

被舍位是5(如保留两位小数的2.115),后面还有非0值进1(如保留两位小数的2.11500001 格式化为2.12),5后面没有数字或者都是0时,前面是偶数则舍,是奇数则进1,目标是让被舍前一位变为偶数.


CEILING

向更大的值靠近

Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity.


DOWN

向下取整

Rounding mode to round towards zero.


FLOOR

向更小的值靠近

Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity.


HALF_DOWN

五舍六入

Rounding mode to round towards “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round down.


HALF_EVEN


Rounding mode to round towards the “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, round towards the even neighbor.


HALF_UP

四舍五入

Rounding mode to round towards “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round up.


UNNECESSARY

设置这个模式,对于精确值格式化会抛出异常

Rounding mode to assert that the requested operation has an exact result, hence no rounding is necessary.


UP

向远离数字0进行进位.

Rounding mode to round away from zero.

在这里插入图片描述



错误的代码测试RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN

为了更好的理解HALF_EVEN,写了些测试代码但是发现自己更迷惘了…搞不清楚到底

HALF_EVEN

是什么机制进舍…输出结果的尾数很不规律. 

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.*;
public class LocalTest {
//定义一个保留两位小数格式的 DecimalFormat 的变量 dfScale2
 @Test
  public void testDecimalFormat() {
    DecimalFormat dfScale2 = new DecimalFormat("###.##");

    System.out.println("dfScale2.getRoundingMode()=" + dfScale2.getRoundingMode());

    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(1.125D)=" + dfScale2.format(1.125D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(1.135D)=" + dfScale2.format(1.135D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(1.145D)=" + dfScale2.format(1.145D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(1.225D)=" + dfScale2.format(1.225D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(1.235D)=" + dfScale2.format(1.235D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(1.245D)=" + dfScale2.format(1.245D));

    System.out.println();

    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(2.125D)=" + dfScale2.format(2.125D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(2.135D)=" + dfScale2.format(2.135D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(2.145D)=" + dfScale2.format(2.145D));

    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(2.225D)=" + dfScale2.format(2.225D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(2.235D)=" + dfScale2.format(2.235D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(2.245D)=" + dfScale2.format(2.245D));

    System.out.println();

    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(3.125D)=" + dfScale2.format(3.125D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(3.135D)=" + dfScale2.format(3.135D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(3.145D)=" + dfScale2.format(3.145D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(3.225D)=" + dfScale2.format(3.225D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(3.235D)=" + dfScale2.format(3.235D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(3.245D)=" + dfScale2.format(3.245D));

    System.out.println();

    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(4.125D)=" + dfScale2.format(4.125D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(4.135D)=" + dfScale2.format(4.135D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(4.145D)=" + dfScale2.format(4.145D));

    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(4.225D)=" + dfScale2.format(4.225D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(4.235D)=" + dfScale2.format(4.235D));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(4.245D)=" + dfScale2.format(4.245D));
  }
 }

dfScale2.getRoundingMode()=HALF_EVEN
dfScale2.format(1.125D)=1.12
dfScale2.format(1.135D)=1.14
dfScale2.format(1.145D)=1.15
dfScale2.format(1.225D)=1.23
dfScale2.format(1.235D)=1.24
dfScale2.format(1.245D)=1.25

dfScale2.format(2.125D)=2.12
dfScale2.format(2.135D)=2.13
dfScale2.format(2.145D)=2.15
dfScale2.format(2.225D)=2.23
dfScale2.format(2.235D)=2.23
dfScale2.format(2.245D)=2.25

dfScale2.format(3.125D)=3.12
dfScale2.format(3.135D)=3.13
dfScale2.format(3.145D)=3.15
dfScale2.format(3.225D)=3.23
dfScale2.format(3.235D)=3.23
dfScale2.format(3.245D)=3.25

dfScale2.format(4.125D)=4.12
dfScale2.format(4.135D)=4.13
dfScale2.format(4.145D)=4.14
dfScale2.format(4.225D)=4.22
dfScale2.format(4.235D)=4.24
dfScale2.format(4.245D)=4.25



正确的代码测试RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN

突然发现自己忽略了一个事情,测试的参数都是用的double类型.想起来double类型不精准.但是侥幸心理以及知识不牢靠以为 3位小数应该影响不大吧.改了下代码,把参数改为BigDecimal类型


使用BigDecimal时,参数尽量传入字符串,要比传入double精准.
 

new BigDecimal("1.125")

  @Test
  public void testDecimalFormat() {
    DecimalFormat dfScale2 = new DecimalFormat("###.##");
      dfScale2.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
    System.out.println("dfScale2.getRoundingMode()=" + dfScale2.getRoundingMode());

        System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.1251\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.1251")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.1351\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.1351")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.1451\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.1451")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.2250\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.2250")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.2350\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.2350")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.2450\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.2450")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.22501\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.22501")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.23505\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.23505")));
    System.out.println("dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal(\"1.24508\"))=" + dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.24508")));

   

dfScale2.getRoundingMode()=HALF_EVEN
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.1251"))=1.13
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.1351"))=1.14
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.1451"))=1.15
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.2250"))=1.22
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.2350"))=1.24
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.2450"))=1.24
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.22501"))=1.23
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.23505"))=1.24
dfScale2.format(new BigDecimal("1.24508"))=1.25



结论

1 警觉doulbe的不精确所引起

RoundingMode

结果不稳定的问题,


即使是四舍五入的模式,对double类型参数使用也会有不满足预期的情况.



2 使用数字格式化时,要注意默认

RoundingMode

模式是否是自己需要的.如果不是记得手动设置下.


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