1.安装Docker
从 2017 年 3 月开始 docker 在原来的基础上分为两个分支版本: Docker CE 和 Docker EE。
Docker CE 即社区免费版，Docker EE 即企业版，强调安全，但需付费使用。
本文介绍 Docker CE 的安装使用。
移除旧的版本：
$ sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-selinux \
docker-engine-selinux \
docker-engine
安装一些必要的系统工具：
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
添加软件源信息：
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
更新 yum 缓存：
sudo yum makecache fast
安装 Docker-ce：
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
启动 Docker 后台服务
sudo systemctl start docker
2.docker安装tomcat
方法一、docker pull tomcat
查找Docker Hub上的tomcat镜像
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker search tomcat
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 744 [OK]
dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba... 19 [OK]
consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 16 [OK]
consol/tomcat-8.0 Tomcat 8.0.15, 8080, "admin/admin" 14 [OK]
cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 8 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-tomcat Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 wi... 6 [OK]
andreptb/tomcat Debian Jessie based image with Apache Tomc... 4 [OK]
kieker/tomcat 2 [OK]
fbrx/tomcat Minimal Tomcat image based on Alpine Linux 2 [OK]
jtech/tomcat Latest Tomcat production distribution on l... 1 [OK]
这里我们拉取官方的镜像
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker pull tomcat
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为tomcat的镜像。
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker images|grep tomcat
tomcat latest 70f819d3d2d9 7 days ago 335.8 MB
方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录tomcat,用于存放后面的相关东西。
runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/tomcat/webapps ~/tomcat/logs ~/tomcat/conf
webapps目录将映射为tomcat容器配置的应用程序目录
logs目录将映射为tomcat容器的日志目录
conf目录里的配置文件将映射为tomcat容器的配置文件
进入创建的tomcat目录，创建Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:8-jre
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcat
ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
RUN mkdir -p "$CATALINA_HOME"
WORKDIR $CATALINA_HOME
# let "Tomcat Native" live somewhere isolated
ENV TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR $CATALINA_HOME/native-jni-lib
ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:}$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR
# runtime dependencies for Tomcat Native Libraries
# Tomcat Native 1.2+ requires a newer version of OpenSSL than debian:jessie has available
# > checking OpenSSL library version >= 1.0.2...
# > configure: error: Your version of OpenSSL is not compatible with this version of tcnative
# see http://tomcat.10.x6.nabble.com/VOTE-Release-Apache-Tomcat-8-0-32-tp5046007p5046024.html (and following discussion)
# and https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/pull/31
ENV OPENSSL_VERSION 1.1.0f-3+deb9u2
RUN set -ex; \
currentVersion="$(dpkg-query --show --showformat '${Version}\n' openssl)"; \
if dpkg --compare-versions "$currentVersion" '<<' "$OPENSSL_VERSION"; then \
if ! grep -q stretch /etc/apt/sources.list; then \
# only add stretch if we're not already building from within stretch
{ \
echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main'; \
echo 'deb http://security.debian.org stretch/updates main'; \
echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main'; \
} > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/stretch.list; \
{ \
# add a negative "Pin-Priority" so that we never ever get packages from stretch unless we explicitly request them
echo 'Package: *'; \
echo 'Pin: release n=stretch*'; \
echo 'Pin-Priority: -10'; \
echo; \
# ... except OpenSSL, which is the reason we're here
echo 'Package: openssl libssl*'; \
echo "Pin: version $OPENSSL_VERSION"; \
echo 'Pin-Priority: 990'; \
} > /etc/apt/preferences.d/stretch-openssl; \
fi; \
apt-get update; \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends openssl="$OPENSSL_VERSION"; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
fi
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
libapr1 \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# see https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/KEYS
# see also "update.sh" (https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/blob/master/update.sh)
ENV GPG_KEYS 05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23
ENV TOMCAT_MAJOR 8
ENV TOMCAT_VERSION 8.5.32
ENV TOMCAT_SHA512 fc010f4643cb9996cad3812594190564d0a30be717f659110211414faf8063c61fad1f18134154084ad3ddfbbbdb352fa6686a28fbb6402d3207d4e0a88fa9ce
ENV TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS \
# https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/INFRA-8753?focusedCommentId=14735394#comment-14735394
https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz \
# if the version is outdated, we might have to pull from the dist/archive :/
https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz \
https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz \
https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz
ENV TOMCAT_ASC_URLS \
https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc \
# not all the mirrors actually carry the .asc files :'(
https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc \
https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc \
https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc
RUN set -eux; \
\
savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
apt-get update; \
\
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr; \
\
export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
for key in $GPG_KEYS; do \
gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
done; \
\
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates; \
\
success=; \
for url in $TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS; do \
if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz "$url"; then \
success=1; \
break; \
fi; \
done; \
[ -n "$success" ]; \
\
echo "$TOMCAT_SHA512 *tomcat.tar.gz" | sha512sum -c -; \
\
success=; \
for url in $TOMCAT_ASC_URLS; do \
if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz.asc "$url"; then \
success=1; \
break; \
fi; \
done; \
[ -n "$success" ]; \
\
gpg --batch --verify tomcat.tar.gz.asc tomcat.tar.gz; \
tar -xvf tomcat.tar.gz --strip-components=1; \
rm bin/*.bat; \
rm tomcat.tar.gz*; \
rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME"; \
\
nativeBuildDir="$(mktemp -d)"; \
tar -xvf bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz -C "$nativeBuildDir" --strip-components=1; \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
dpkg-dev \
gcc \
libapr1-dev \
libssl-dev \
make \
"openjdk-${JAVA_VERSION%%[.~bu-]*}-jdk=$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION" \
; \
( \
export CATALINA_HOME="$PWD"; \
cd "$nativeBuildDir/native"; \
gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \
./configure \
--build="$gnuArch" \
--libdir="$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR" \
--prefix="$CATALINA_HOME" \
--with-apr="$(which apr-1-config)" \
--with-java-home="$(docker-java-home)" \
--with-ssl=yes; \
make -j "$(nproc)"; \
make install; \
); \
rm -rf "$nativeBuildDir"; \
rm bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz; \
\
# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies
apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
[ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; \
apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
\
# sh removes env vars it doesn't support (ones with periods)
# https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/issues/77
find ./bin/ -name '*.sh' -exec sed -ri 's|^#!/bin/sh$|#!/usr/bin/env bash|' '{}' +
# verify Tomcat Native is working properly
RUN set -e \
&& nativeLines="$(catalina.sh configtest 2>&1)" \
&& nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'Apache Tomcat Native')" \
&& nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | sort -u)" \
&& if ! echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'INFO: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library' >&2; then \
echo >&2 "$nativeLines"; \
exit 1; \
fi
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker build -t tomcat .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker images|grep tomcat
tomcat latest 70f819d3d2d9 7 days ago 335.8 MB
使用tomcat镜像 运行容器
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker run --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test -d tomcat
acb33fcb4beb8d7f1ebace6f50f5fc204b1dbe9d524881267aa715c61cf75320
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$
命令说明：
-p 8080:8080：将容器的8080端口映射到主机的8080端口
-v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test：将主机中当前目录下的test挂载到容器的/test
查看容器启动情况
runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES
acb33fcb4beb tomcat "catalina.sh run" ... 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp tomcat
设置国内镜像加速
Azure 中国镜像
https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn
为例进行介绍。
Ubuntu 16.04+、Debian 8+、CentOS 7
对于使用 systemd 的系统，请在 /etc/docker/daemon.json 中写入如下内容（如果文件不存在请新建该文件）
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn",
"https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com"
]
}
注意，一定要保证该文件符合 json 规范，否则 Docker 将不能启动。
之后重新启动服务。
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart docker
查看docker中的所有容器
docker ps -a
查看当前正在运行的容器
docker ps
删除容器
docker rm e3274a72e8d6
创建新的容器
docker run --name yourname -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
ps:yourname表示你的容器名称，tomcat表示镜像名称。
查看容器/镜像的详细信息
docker inspect 容积或镜像ID
停止与启动容器
停止一个已经在运行的容器
docker container stop 容器名或容器id
启动一个已经停止的容器
docker container start 容器名或容器id
镜像备份与迁移
我们可以通过save命令将镜像打包成文件，拷贝给别人使用
docker save -o 保存的文件名 镜像名
如docker save -o ./ubuntu.tar ubuntu
在拿到镜像文件后，可以通过load方法，将镜像加载到本地
docker load -i ./ubuntu.tar
在容器中不可以使用vi去编辑文件，如果想修改配置文件可以在容器外部修改然后复制到容器之中。例如我用外部的dubbo.peoperties覆盖容器中的同名文件，以达到修改的目的。
docker cp /dubbo.properties tomcat-01:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/dubbo-admin/WEB-INF
安装jenkins
添加容器，端口修改，并将该端口加入防火墙
docker run -p 5656:5656-p 50000:50000 -v jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home jenkinsci/blueocean
结果失败，安装期间卡死
此时占用了三个端口，5656/50000/8080，不知为何。。。
强行停止该容器并删除
使用8080端口安装
[root@izm5e1k95v7yrmoayr5wk4z data]#docker run --name jenkins -p 8080:8080 -p 50000:50000 -v /data/jenkins:/var/jenkins_home -it -d jenkins:alpine
[root@izm5e1k95v7yrmoayr5wk4z data]#docker logs jenkins # 查看log
[root@izm5e1k95v7yrmoayr5wk4z data]# docker logs jenkins
touch: cannot touch ‘/var/jenkins_home/copy_reference_file.log’: Permission denied
Can not write to /var/jenkins_home/copy_reference_file.log. Wrong volume permissions?
[root@izm5e1k95v7yrmoayr5wk4z data]#chmod -R 777 /data/jenkins #授权
[root@izm5e1k95v7yrmoayr5wk4z data]#docker restart jenkins
查看运行日志，拿到token，填入Jenkins初始页面
参照
https://blog.csdn.net/sunshine_2017/article/details/95188796
https://blog.csdn.net/b644ROfP20z37485O35M/article/details/80934836
参考链接：
https://yeasy.gitbooks.io/docker_practice/content/install/mirror.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26709459/article/details/80475068
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