一，建表
1.1 voicemail
Voicemail表定义了voicemail的用户列表，采用动态加载的功能，这样方便更新。voicemail的表结构如下：
CREATE TABLE `voicemail` (
`uniqueid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`customer_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`context` varchar(50) DEFAULT 'default',
`mailbox` varchar(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`password` varchar(10) DEFAULT '1234',
`fullname` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`email` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`pager` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`stamp` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`attach` varchar(3) DEFAULT 'no',
`saycid` varchar(3) DEFAULT 'no',
`hidefromdir` varchar(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'no',
PRIMARY KEY (`uniqueid`),
UNIQUE KEY `vm_idx` (`context`,`mailbox`),
KEY `mailbox_context` (`mailbox`,`context`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=2872 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
加入几个用户，在实际的操作中，可以采用动态页面进行，比如PHP,JSP等。
INSERT INTO `voicemail` VALUES
(2868,0,'default','2220','1234','2220','','','','no','no','no'),
(2869,0,'default','2221','1234','2221','','','','no','no','no'),
(2870,0,'default','2222','1234','2222','','','','no','no','no'),
(2871,0,'default','2223','1234','2223','','','','no','no','no');
1.2 voicemessages
voicemessages表维护每一个voicemail用户的voice消息，可以根据用户的电话拨号情况被动态地增加（留言）和删除（听留言后按7删除）。voice的信息被存储在recording字段中，也被存储在/var/spool/asterisk/voicemail目录中相应的用户文件夹下。voicemessages的表结构如下：
CREATE TABLE `voicemessages` (
`uniqueid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`dir` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
`msgnum` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`recording` blob,
`context` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
`macrocontext` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
`callerid` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`origtime` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`duration` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`mailboxuser` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
`mailboxcontext` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
`label` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`flag` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`read` tinyint(11) DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`uniqueid`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
二、配置
2.1 配置extconfig.conf
在文件extconfig.conf中加入voicemail的动态加载功能
vim extconfig.conf
sippeers => odbc,asterisk,sip
sipusers => odbc,asterisk,sip
voicemail => odbc,asterisk,voicemail
2.2 配置voicemail.conf
; Voicemail Configuration
[general]
format=wav49|gsm|wav
serveremail=asterisk
attach=yes
skipms=3000
maxsilence=10
silencethreshold=128
maxlogins=3
; in res_odbc.conf.
odbcstorage=asterisk
; The default table for ODBC voicemail storage is voicemessages.
odbctable=voicemessages
emaildateformat=%A, %B %d, %Y at %r
pagerdateformat=%A, %B %d, %Y at %r
sendvoicemail=yes ; Allow the user to compose and send a voicemail while inside
[zonemessages]
eastern=America/New_York|'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' IMp
central=America/Chicago|'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' IMp
central24=America/Chicago|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' H N 'hours'
military=Zulu|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' H N 'hours' 'phonetic/z_p'
european=Europe/Copenhagen|'vm-received' a d b 'digits/at' HM
[default]
odbcstorage和odbctable分别定义了数据库以及数据库的对应表，意思是voicemail的message被写入此表中。
通过 module reload app_voicemail.so 命令使更改生效。
通过 voicemail show users for default 命令可以查看voicemail表中定义的用户。
sm*CLI> voicemail show users for default
=============================================================
=== Configured Voicemail Users ==============================
=============================================================
===
=== Mailbox ...
===
=== ==> uniqueid: 2868
=== ==> customer_id: 0
=== ==> context: default
=== ==> mailbox: 2220
=== ==> password: 1234
=== ==> fullname: 2220
=== ==> stamp: 2012-08-18 17:43:13
=== ==> attach: no
=== ==> saycid: no
=== ==> hidefromdir: no
===
=== ---------------------------------------------------------
===
=== Mailbox ...
请确保用户对spool目录具有写权限，不然系统会报“Permission denied”错误，留言功能将不能工作。如果没有写权限，请使用如下命令获得用户所有权，如果的用户名不是asteriskpbx，请替换自己的用户和组
sudo chown -R asteriskpbx.asteriskpbx /var/spool/asterisk/voicemail
2.3 修改拨号方案extensions.conf
本文将对系列文章（一）中的拨号方案进行了较大的修改，主要是当被叫方无人接听、占线或者线路不可用的时候，转入语音留言功能。具体拨号方案如下，
vim extensions.conf
[globals]
TRUNK=DAHDI/2-1
[default]
exten => _222x,1,Macro(stdexten,${EXTEN},SIP/${EXTEN})
same => n,Congestion(5)
exten => _v222x,1,Verbose(2,to ${EXTEN})
same => n,Verbose(2,from ${CALLERID(number)})
same => n,Macro(stdvmmenu,${EXTEN:1})
exten => _ZXXXXX.,1,Verbose(2,to ZXXXXX ${EXTEN})
same => n,Verbose(2,from ${CALLERID(number)})
same => n,Dial(${TRUNK}/${EXTEN},,f)
same => n,Hangup
exten => _s-.,1,Congestion
exten => a,1,Macro(stdvmmenu,${ARG1}) ;If they press *, send the user into VoicemailMain
exten => a,2,Hangup
[macro-stdexten]
exten => s,1,Verbose(2,to stdexten ${ARG1})
same => n,Verbose(2,from ${CALLERID(number)})
same => n,Dial(${ARG2},20,tf)
same => n,Verbose(2, dial status s-${DIALSTATUS})
same => n,Goto(s-${DIALSTATUS},1)
exten => s-NOANSWER,1,Macro(stdvm,${ARG1},u)
same => n,Hangup
exten => s-BUSY,1,Macro(stdvm,${ARG1},b)
same => n,Hangup
exten => s-CHANUNAVAIL,1,Macro(stdvm,${ARG1},u)
same => n,Hangup
[macro-stdvm]
; ARG1 = vmbox ARG2 = u/b
exten => s,1,Answer
same => n,Wait(2)
same => n,Verbose(2,${ARG1}@default,${ARG2})
same => n,Voicemail(${ARG1}@default,${ARG2})
exten => n,Hangup
exten => a,1,Macro(stdvmmenu,${ARG1})
exten => a,2,Hangup
[macro-stdvmmenu]
; ARG1 = vmbox
exten => s,1,Answer
exten => s,2,Wait(2)
exten => s,3,VoicemailMain(${ARG1}@default)
exten => s,4,Hangup
[from-pstn]
exten => s,1,Verbose(2,INCOMING CALL ${EXTEN})
same => n,Answer()
; same => n,Dial(SIP/2222)
same => n,Macro(stdexten,2222,SIP/2222) ;forward incoming call to 2222, it will be changed later.
;same => n,Playback(tt-weasels)
same => n,Hangup通过 dialplan reload 命令使拨号方案生效。
三、测试
配置结束之后，就可以对voicemail的功能进行测试。测试步骤如下
内线拨打：
1，2221呼叫2222
2，不用接听2222并等待呼叫音20秒超时
3，2221听到留言提示后留言并挂机
4，在2222 IP电话机拨Message键，如果是软件话，也可以直接拨叫“v2222”，
5，提示输入密码后，键入“1234”
6，听取留言
外线拨打并被自动注入2222分机：
1，用手机或者别的固定电话呼叫你的PSTN好，例如：0216436XXXX。呼叫被自动转到2222
2-6步骤和内线拨打相同，不再累述。