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为解决代码耦合，将验证类统一管理 以下方法大部分都来自于手册

验证基类

 <?php

namespace App\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Validator;

class BaseRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public $scenes = [];
    public $currentScene;               //当前场景
    public $autoValidate = false;       //是否注入之后自动验证

    /**
     * FunctionName：authorize
     * Description：是否鉴权
     * Author：lwl
     * @return bool
     */
    public function authorize()
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：scene
     * Description：设置场景
     * Author：lwl
     * @param $scene
     * @return $this
     */
    public function scene($scene)
    {
        $this->currentScene = $scene;
        return $this;
    }


    /**
     * FunctionName：validateResolved
     * Description：覆盖自动验证方法
     * Author：lwl
     */
    public function validateResolved()
    {
        if ($this->autoValidate) {
            $this->handleValidate();
        }
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：validate
     * Description：验证方法
     * Author：lwl
     * @param string $scene
     * @return array|void
     */
    public function validate($scene = '')
    {
        if ($scene) {
            $this->currentScene = $scene;
        }
        $this->handleValidate();
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：getRules
     * Description：根据场景获取规则
     * Author：lwl
     * @return array|mixed
     */
    public function getRules()
    {
        $rules = $this->container->call([$this, 'rules']);
        $newRules = [];
        if ($this->currentScene && isset($this->scenes[$this->currentScene])) {
            $sceneFields = is_array($this->scenes[$this->currentScene])
                ? $this->scenes[$this->currentScene] : explode(',', $this->scenes[$this->currentScene]);
            foreach ($sceneFields as $field) {
                if (array_key_exists($field, $rules)) {
                    $newRules[$field] = $rules[$field];
                }
            }
            return $newRules;
        }
        return $rules;
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：validator
     * Description：自定义验证器
     * Author：lwl
     * @param $factory
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function validator($factory)
    {
        return $factory->make(
            $this->validationData(), $this->getRules(),
            $this->messages(), $this->attributes()
        );
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：handleValidate
     * Description：最终验证方法
     * Author：lwl
     */
    protected function handleValidate()
    {
        $instance = $this->getValidatorInstance();
        if ($instance->fails()) {
            $this->failedValidation($instance);
        }
        $this->passedValidation();
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：failedValidation
     * Description：重写报错部分-适应API JSON下发的需求
     * Author：lwl
     * @param Validator $validator
     */
    protected function failedValidation(Validator $validator)
    {
    
       return response()->json(['error'=>$validator->errors()->first()]);//跑出错误，可以更改为 ajax
    }
}

具体验证类

<?php


namespace App\Requests;

use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

class UserRequest extends BaseRequest //继承基类
{
    /**
     * 验证场景器
     * @var \string[][]
     */
    public $scenes = [
        'create' => ['title', 'url', 'parent_id', 'desc', 'level'],
        'save' => ['title', 'url', 'parent_id', 'desc', 'status', 'id', 'level']
    ];

    /**
     * FunctionName：authorize
     * Description：鉴权
     * Author：lwl
     * @return bool
     */
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：rules
     * Description：验证规则
     * Author：lwl
     * @return string[]
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        $id = $this->post('id', 0);
        $level = $this->post('level', 0);
        return [
            'level' => 'required|integer|in:1,2,3',
            'status' => 'required|in:-1,1',
            'id' => 'required',
            'url' => 'url',//exists:life_business_school_business,id
            'desc' => 'between:0,100',
            'parent_id' => 'required|integer',
            'title' => [
                'required', 'between:1,10',
                Rule::unique('xxxx', 'title')->where(function ($query) use ($id, $level) {
                    if ($id != 0) {
                        $query->where('id', '<>', $id);
                    }
                    $query->where('deleted_at', null)->where('level', $level);
                })
            ],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * FunctionName：messages
     * Description：规则提示
     * Author：lwl
     * @return string[]
     */
    public function messages(): array
    {
        return [
            'title.required' => '标题必填',
            'title.between' => '标题长度在 1-10 内',
            'title.unique' => '标题已经存在',
            'business_id.integer' => '所属业务参数必须是数字',
            'business_id.exists' => '所属业务不存在',
            'status.required_if' => '状态参数必填',
            'status.in' => '状态参数必须在 -1，1内',
            'id.required' => 'id 必须',
            'desc.between' => '描述长度在 0- 100 内',
            'parent_id.required' => '上级id必填,顶级为 0',
            'parent_id.integer' => '上级id 必须数字',
            'level.required' => '级别 必填,顶级为 0',
            'level.integer' => '级别 必须数字',
            'level.in' => '级别 必须在 1，2，3内',
        ];
    }
}

控制器调用

    public function create(UserRequest $request)//注入绑定
    {
        $request->validate('create');//选择场景器
    }