1.tenacity有什么用?
Tenacity是一个通用的retry库,简化为任何任务加入重试的功能。
它还包含如下特性:
通用的装饰器API
可以设定重试停止的条件(比如设定尝试次数)
可以设定重试间的等待时间(比如在尝试之间使用幂数级增长的wait等待)
自定义在哪些Exception进行重试
自定义在哪些返回值的情况进行重试
协程的重试
2.为什么使用tenacity
很多时候,我们都喜欢为代码加入retry功能。比如oauth验证,有时候网络不太灵,我们希望多试几次。这些retry应用的场景看起来不同,其实又很类似。都是判断代码是否正常运行,如果不是则重新开始。那么,有没有一种通用的办法来实现呢?
3.使用介绍
1)简单的使用方法,是直接给需要重试的代码加上@retry修饰器,代码抛出异常会被装饰器捕获并进行重试,异常抛出时会不断重试直到代码执行成功
from tenacity import retry
import requests
@retry
def conn_req():
response = requests.get(url="http://www.baidu.com")
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
raise Exception
res = conn_req()
print(res)
2)加上终止条件的retry
- 给retry加上一个参数,让它重试3次后不再重试并抛出异常
from tenacity import retry,stop_after_attempt
import requests
@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3))
def conn_req():
response = requests.get(url="http://www.baibai.com")
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
raise Exception
res = conn_req()
print(res)
- 使用@stop_after_delay可以指定重试间隔,比如下面代码指定5秒后重试
from tenacity import retry,stop_after_attempt,stop_after_delay
import requests
@retry(stop=stop_after_delay(5))
def conn_req():
response = requests.get(url="http://www.baibai.com")
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
raise Exception
res = conn_req()
print(res)
- 同时可以使用“|”把多个条件进行组合使用
from tenacity import retry, stop_after_delay, stop_after_attempt
import requests
@retry(stop=stop_after_delay(5) |stop_after_attempt(5))
def stop_after_5_s():
response = requests.get(url='http://www.baidu.com')
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
raise Exception
res = stop_after_5_s()
print(res)
3)代码重试前等待间隔
- 使用@wait_fixed在程序重试前等待固定时间,下面就是每隔2秒进行重试
from tenacity import retry, wait_fixed
import requests
@retry(wait=wait_fixed(2))
def wait_2_s():
response = requests.get(url='http://www.baibai.com')
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
raise Exception
res = wait_2_s()
print res
- 使用@wait_random随机等待,主要应用爬虫的场景比较多
from tenacity import retry, wait_random
import requests
@retry(wait=wait_random(min=1, max=2))
def wait_2_s():
response = requests.get(url='http://www.baibai.com')
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
raise Exception
res = wait_2_s()
print res
- 使用@wait_exponential可以按照指数的等待时间
from tenacity import retry, wait_exponential
import requests
@retry(wait=wait_exponential(multiplier=2, min=3, max=100)) # 重试时间间隔满足:2^n * multiplier, n为重试次数,但最多间隔10秒
def wait_2_s():
response = requests.get(url='http://www.baibai.com')
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
raise Exception
res = wait_2_s()
print res
4)带有触发条件的retry语句
from tenacity import retry, retry_if_exception_type, retry_if_result
@retry(retry=retry_if_exception_type(IOError))
def might_io_error():
print("Retry forever with no wait if an IOError occurs, raise any other errors")
raise Exception
def is_none_p(value):
"""Return True if value is None"""
return value is None
@retry(retry=retry_if_result(is_none_p))
def might_return_none():
print("Retry with no wait if return value is None")
@retry(retry=(retry_if_result(is_none_p) | retry_if_exception_type()))
def might_return_none():
print("Retry forever ignoring Exceptions with no wait if return value is None")
5)在retry前后增加log
from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, before_log, after_log, before_sleep_log
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), before=before_log(logger, logging.DEBUG))
def raise_my_exception():
raise MyException("Fail")
@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), after=after_log(logger, logging.DEBUG))
def raise_my_exception():
raise MyException("Fail")
@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3),
before_sleep=before_sleep_log(logger, logging.DEBUG))
def raise_my_exception():
raise MyException("Fail")
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