目录
安裝 MySQL 8 和 MySQL Client for CentOS 7
错误一:Unsupported redo log format (0). The redo log was created before MySQL 5.7.9
错误二:Cannot upgrade server earlier than 5.7 to 8.0
方法二:卸载该策略How do I turn off the mysql password validation? – Stack Overflow
查询当前是centos还是ubuntu
Different ways you can check the CentOS or Ubuntu Linux OS version (how2shout.com)
cat /etc/os-release
如果是ubuntu,显示如下
$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME=”Ubuntu”
VERSION=”16.04.5 LTS (Xenial Xerus)”
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME=”Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS”
VERSION_ID=”16.04″
HOME_URL=”http://www.ubuntu.com/”
SUPPORT_URL=”http://help.ubuntu.com/”
BUG_REPORT_URL=”http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/”
VERSION_CODENAME=xenial
UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial
如果是centos,显示如下
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME=”CentOS Linux”
VERSION=”7 (Core)”
ID=”centos”
ID_LIKE=”rhel fedora”
VERSION_ID=”7″
PRETTY_NAME=”CentOS Linux 7 (Core)”
ANSI_COLOR=”0;31″
CPE_NAME=”cpe:/o:centos:centos:7″
HOME_URL=”https://www.centos.org/”
BUG_REPORT_URL=”https://bugs.centos.org/”CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT=”CentOS-7″
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION=”7″
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT=”centos”
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=”7″
此处,查询结果为centos 7
禁用 SELinux
在我们的第一步中,我们必须禁用SELinux,我们必须提到这个特定的步骤
不是强制性
的,但是为了避免在权限方面出现一些可能的问题,我们将首先禁用它。如果您的服务器分配了公共IP,并且可以从Internet访问端口3306,那么出于安全原因,请保持SELinux启用状态,或者至少
在MySQL安装完成后重新启用它
。
sudo vim /etc/selinux/config
最终配置文件设置应如下所示
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
查询centos上是否安装了Mysql
如何在 CentOS | 上列出已安装的软件包Linuxize
sudo yum list installed | grep mysql
查询是否安装了
同时看看/var/lib下是否有mysql目录
ls /var/lib | grep mysql
如果存在,那么请参考如何从低版本升级到高版本
How to upgrade from MySQL 5.7 to MySQL 8.0 successfully (minervadb.com)
否则,你的服务器应该是新服务器,请按照下面的步骤安装mysql
下载 MySQL 8 Repo for CentOS 7
yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
安裝 MySQL 8 和 MySQL Client for CentOS 7
yum install -y mysql mysql-server
错误信息一:
或者
解决方法workaround
rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
ubuntu
wget -q -O - https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022 | apt-key add -
再次安装,成功
再次查询安装了的mysql
sudo yum list installed | grep mysql
启用和启动 MySQL 8 服务
systemctl status mysqld
如果成功的输出如下:
上面的输出证实了我们的MySQL 8安装成功的事实,但也表明我们的服务当前处于非活动状态(),这意味着MySQL服务尚未启动,没有什么可担心的,因为我们将很快启动此服务。
在启动服务之前,让我们确保每次重新启动服务器时,首先启用我们的服务以自动启动,请使用以下命令才能使MySQL服务自动启动:
systemctl enable mysqld
最后,我们现在可以通过在终端窗口中运行下一个CLI命令来启动MySQL服务:
systemctl start mysqld
启动出错:
systemctl start mysqld
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See “systemctl status mysqld.service” and “journalctl -xe” for details.
执行systemctl status mysqld.service
systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service – MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active:
failed
(Result: exit-code) since 一 2022-02-14 14:35:32 CST; 16s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 23005 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS
(code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 22973 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 23005 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Status: “Data Dictionary upgrade from MySQL 5.7 in progress”2月 14 14:35:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server…
2月 14 14:35:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
mysqld.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
2月 14 14:35:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
Failed to start MySQL Server.
2月 14 14:35:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.
2月 14 14:35:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
mysqld.service failed.
执行 journalctl -xe,找到重启时时间的记录,如下
2月 14 14:48:05 localhost.localdomain polkitd[1566]:
Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:29476:206717142 (system bus name :1.83916 [/usr/bin/pkttyagent –notify-fd 5 –fallback], object path /org/freede
2月 14 14:48:05 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server…
— Subject: Unit mysqld.service has begun start-up
— Defined-By: systemd
— Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
—
— Unit mysqld.service has begun starting up.
2月 14 14:48:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
mysqld.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
2月 14 14:48:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
Failed to start MySQL Server.
— Subject: Unit mysqld.service has failed
— Defined-By: systemd
— Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
—
— Unit mysqld.service has failed.
—
— The result is failed.
2月 14 14:48:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.
2月 14 14:48:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]:
mysqld.service failed.
2月 14 14:48:12 localhost.localdomain polkitd[1566]:
Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:29476:206717142 (system bus name :1.83916, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale
查看log日志
tail -20 /var/log/mysqld.log
错误一:Unsupported redo log format (0). The redo log was created before MySQL 5.7.9
2022-02-14T06:05:20.989585Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) starting as process 7663
2022-02-14T06:05:21.062358Z 1 [System] [MY-011012] [Server] Starting upgrade of data directory.
2022-02-14T06:05:21.062524Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-02-14T06:05:21.199268Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-013090] [InnoDB] Unsupported redo log format (0). The redo log was created before MySQL 5.7.9
2022-02-14T06:05:21.199316Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-012930] [InnoDB] Plugin initialization aborted with error Generic error.
2022-02-14T06:05:21.604390Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-011013] [Server] Failed to initialize DD Storage Engine.
2022-02-14T06:05:21.604694Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
2022-02-14T06:05:21.604834Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2022-02-14T06:05:21.605885Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.28) MySQL Community Server – GPL.
解决方法
切换到mysql目录
cd /var/lib/mysql/
备份
cp -p ib_logfile0 ib_logfile0_bak
cp -p ib_logfile1 ib_logfile1_bak
删除日志文件(如果您需要数据库中的表数据,请在备份数据库之后再这样操做)
rm ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1
再次启动mysql并查看日志,此时就应该看不到该问题了,但是我们重启失败的问题依然存在
systemctl status mysqld
tail -20 /var/log/mysqld.log
再次查看log日志
tail -20 /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-02-14T07:50:30.717031Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) starting as process 29205
2022-02-14T07:50:30.727812Z 1 [System] [MY-011012] [Server] Starting upgrade of data directory.
2022-02-14T07:50:30.727974Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-02-14T07:50:31.609199Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-013168] [InnoDB] Cannot upgrade server earlier than 5.7 to 8.0
2022-02-14T07:50:36.615562Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-011013] [Server] Failed to initialize DD Storage Engine.
2022-02-14T07:50:36.616111Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
2022-02-14T07:50:36.616632Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2022-02-14T07:50:36.619156Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.28) MySQL Community Server – GPL.
错误二:Cannot upgrade server earlier than 5.7 to 8.0
mysql – 无法在 centos 中将 5.7 之前的服务器升级到 8.0。服务器启动失败 – 堆栈溢出 (stackoverflow.com)
这个问题应该是以前安装过mysql(奇怪的是在安装之前执行sudo yum list installed | grep mysql时并没有发现有任何mysql版本)
移动原mysql到备份文件,重启mysql后会生成新的mysql目录
(所以执行下面这一步要小心,如果你的mysql里面有重要数据那么尽量不要这样操作。)
mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql5.7_bak
再次执行重启mysql,成功了
systemctl status mysqld
/var/lib下有两个MySQL目录
获取MySQL 8根密码
默认情况下,安装MySQL时,将自动为root用户提供密码,以便我们可以访问所有默认数据库。这个自动生成的MySQL密码可以在默认的MySQL日志文件上找到
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep 'password is'
使用默认的密码登录
mysql -u root -p
更改默认的MYSQL8密码策略
在MYSQL8安装时,默认启用了Password Validation Component System Variables(密码验证组件系统变量),该变量将会校验修改的值是否符合策略。
关于该部分的详细内容请见:
重学Mysql之Mysql8.0修改密码策略_Rocket MAN的博客-CSDN博客
默认值如下:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘validate_password%’;
+—————————————————–+————-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————————————————–+————-+
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 8 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
+—————————————————–+————-+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
————————————————
有两种方式修改该策略
方法一:修改默认值
首先修改check_user_name,如果这个值为ON,那么账号和密码就不能相同
set global validate_password.check_user_name=OFF
再修改policy,该策略为LOW时,只校验密码长度,不会校验大小写、特殊字符等
set global validate_password.policy=LOW
如果对密码长度有要去,可以修改validate_password.length,该值有最小长度要求,其公式为
validate_password.number_count
+ validate_password.special_char_count
+ (2 * validate_password.mixed_case_count)
因此,密码的默认最低长度为4位,如果需要修改到更小,需要先修改上面三个参数再修改length
set global validate_password.length=4
方法二:卸载该策略
How do I turn off the mysql password validation? – Stack Overflow
uninstall plugin validate_password;
如果上面一个不生效(新mysql版本),执行
UNINSTALL COMPONENT 'file://component_validate_password';
更改默认的MySQL 8根密码
在本教程的最后一步中,我们将了解如何更改默认的MySQL密码。如果不更改MySQL提供的默认密码,我们将无法执行任何SQL查询。
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
远程连接Mysql前的工作
远程连接时,会提示连接错误,一般需要关闭防火墙或者增加Mysql端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=YOURPORT/tcp --permanent
对应的,如果想要删除端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=YOURPORT/tcp --permanent
如果还是提示错误,说明MYSQL设置了仅本地连接 ,查看当前账号可用的IP,可以看到可用IP仅仅是本地可连接
mysql> SELECT host FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'root';
+-----------+
| host |
+-----------+
| localhost |
+-----------+
执行修改并刷新
update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;
再次远程访问,就成功了。
mysql8.0添加用户
请参考之前的文章:
Mysql 8.0创建用户并授权_Rocket MAN的博客-CSDN博客_mysql8创建用户
拓展阅读:
使用 systemd 配置多个 MySQL 实例
MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 参考手册 :: 2.5.9 使用 systemd 管理 MySQL 服务器
本文参考:
在 CentOS 7 上安裝 MySQL 8 (tufora.com)
How to upgrade from MySQL 5.7 to MySQL 8.0 successfully (minervadb.com)
mysql – 无法在 centos 中将 5.7 之前的服务器升级到 8.0。服务器启动失败 – 堆栈溢出 (stackoverflow.com)