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Kubernetes集群安装&卸载

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  • Post category:其他



生命无罪，健康万岁，我是laity。


我曾七次鄙视自己的灵魂：


第一次，当它本可进取时，却故作谦卑；


第二次，当它在空虚时，用爱欲来填充；


第三次，在困难和容易之间，它选择了容易；


第四次，它犯了错，却借由别人也会犯错来宽慰自己；


第五次，它自由软弱，却把它认为是生命的坚韧；


第六次，当它鄙夷一张丑恶的嘴脸时，却不知那正是自己面具中的一副；


第七次，它侧身于生活的污泥中，虽不甘心，却又畏首畏尾。



单节点docker安装&卸载



安装

  • 仓库、镜像、容器

Docker 要求

CentOS7

系统的内核版本在 3.10以上 ，查看本页面的前提条件来验证你的

CentOS

版本是否支持 Docker 。

  • 通过 uname -r 命令查看你当前的内核版本 
uname -r
  • 使用 root 权限登录 Centos。确保 yum 包更新到最新。 
yum -y update  # 10分钟左右
  • 卸载旧版本(如果安装过旧版本的话) 
yum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine
  • 安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的 
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
  • 设置yum源 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  • 可以查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装 
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
  • 安装docker 
sudo yum install -y docker-ce     #由于repo中默认只开启stable仓库，故这里安装的是最新稳定版18.03.1/20.10
# 指定docker版本
yum install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
# docker官网指定格式
yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
  • 启动并加入开机启动 
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
  • 验证安装是否成功(有client和service两部分表示docker安装启动都成功了) 
docker version
  • docker镜像加速 
参考阿里云的镜像加速文档：https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors

您可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://2qv4mkig.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
  • 查看是否加速配置成功 
docker info



卸载

systemctl stop docker
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd



Kubernetes集群安装&卸载


Kubernetes

简称

k8s

。是用于自动部署，扩展和管理容器化应用程序的开源系统。




部署步骤

  • 在所有节点上安装 Docker 和 kubeadm
  • 部署 Kubernetes Master
  • 部署容器网络插件
  • 部署 Kubernetes Node，将节点加入 Kubernetes 集群中
  • 部署 Dashboard Web 页面，可视化查看 Kubernetes 资源



环境准备



linux环境(三个节点都执行)


  • 关闭防火墙：
     

    • systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld


  • 关闭 selinux（关闭警告）：
     

    • sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config 

setenforce 0


  • 关闭 swap(关闭内存交换)：
     

    • swapoff -a     # 临时

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久

reboot         # 重启服务器

free -g        # 验证，swap 必须为 0；
# 永久删除 swap 挂载
vim /etc/fstab     # 注释 swap 行，然后reboot


  • 添加主机名与 IP 对应关系:
     

    • vi /etc/hosts

192.168.8.101 node1

192.168.8.102 node2

192.168.8.103 node3

hostnamectl set-hostname <newhostname>：指定新的 hostname


  • 将桥接的 IPv4 流量传递到 iptables 的链：
     

    • cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sysctl --system  # 执行环境

疑难问题：
遇见提示是只读的文件系统，运行如下命令
mount -o remount rw /


  • date 查看时间（可选设置）
     

    • yum install -y ntpdate

ntpdate time.windows.com 同步最新时间
ntpdate time1.aliyun.com 或者同步阿里云时间

# 也可以直接加到定时任务中
crontab -e
0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

  • 升级内核 

    • # 升级内核
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" -y install kernel-ml.x86_64
#设置grub2默认引导为0
grub2-set-default 0
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
reboot



所有节点安装 Docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl



Docker安装

略（这个创建节点虚拟机的时候就提前创建好即可）



安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl


  • yum源准备

    (新老版本都有；如果不指定可能会出现没有可用软件包)

    • vim /etc/yum.repos.d/k8s.repo 

    • [kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgche                                                                                                                           
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

  • 安装 

    • yum list|grep kube

yum install -y kubelet-1.17.3 kubeadm-1.17.3 kubectl-1.17.3

  • 开启自启动 

    • systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet 
# 修改kubelet cgroup启动方式与docker一致
    # vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
    KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"



部署 k8s-master




master 节点初始化

由于执行master节点初始化命令会下载很多镜像 如果我们直接执行 init命令 中途可能会发生失败而且时间很长。

master_images.sh 

#!/bin/bash

images=(
	kube-apiserver:v1.17.3
    kube-proxy:v1.17.3
	kube-controller-manager:v1.17.3
	kube-scheduler:v1.17.3
	coredns:1.6.5
	etcd:3.4.3-0
    pause:3.1
)

for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
    docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
#   docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName  k8s.gcr.io/$imageName
done

修改文件可执行权限 

chmod +x master_images.sh

集群初始化

kubeadm init –apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.8.101 –image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers –kubernetes-version=v1.17.3 –service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 –pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 –ignore-preflight-errors=all –cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

  • 设置node1为master：–apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.8.101

  • 镜像仓库地址：–image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

  • kubernetes版本指定：–kubernetes-version=v1.17.3

  • 多个pod组成的service地址：–service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12

  • pod地址：–pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

  • 忽略错误：–ignore-preflight-errors=all

由于默认拉取镜像地址 k8s.gcr.io 国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。可以手动按照我们的 images.sh 先拉取镜像，地址变为 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers 也可以。

科普：无类别域间路由（Classless Inter-Domain Routing、CIDR）是一个用于给用户分配 IP 地址以及在互联网上有效地路由 IP 数据包的对 IP 地址进行归类的方法。

运行完成提前复制：加入集群的令牌



测试kubectl(主节点执行)

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

kubectl get nodes 获取所有节点

目前 master 状态为 notready。等待网络加入完成即可。 

journalctl -u kubelet 查看kubelet日志 两个小时内有效

# 添加到集群
kubeadm join 192.168.8.101:6443 --token 6w08lf.my1tq6wu2ueq6eag --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8c5f00183176ec8c449e23eb2ba3d05a81dfdcb8de739542dc728cbf58bad1ad



安装 Pod 网络插件（CNI）

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

以上地址可能被墙，小伙伴获取上传我下载好的 flannel.yml 运行即可，同时 flannel.yml 中指定的 images 访问不到可以去 docker hub 找一个wget yml 的地址,vi 修改 yml 所有 amd64 的地址都修改了即可。



kube-flannel.yml

该yml的作用：

安装 Pod 网络插件（CNI）
 

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: flannel
    namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
        - operator: Exists
          effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
        - name: install-cni-plugin
          #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
          image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
          command:
            - cp
          args:
            - -f
            - /flannel
            - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
          volumeMounts:
            - name: cni-plugin
              mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
        - name: install-cni
          #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.2 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
          image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2
          command:
            - cp
          args:
            - -f
            - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
            - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
          volumeMounts:
            - name: cni
              mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
            - name: flannel-cfg
              mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
        - name: kube-flannel
          #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.2 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
          image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2
          command:
            - /opt/bin/flanneld
          args:
            - --ip-masq
            - --kube-subnet-mgr
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: "100m"
              memory: "50Mi"
            limits:
              cpu: "100m"
              memory: "50Mi"
          securityContext:
            privileged: false
            capabilities:
              add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
              value: "5000"
          volumeMounts:
            - name: run
              mountPath: /run/flannel
            - name: flannel-cfg
              mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
            - name: xtables-lock
              mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni-plugin
          hostPath:
            path: /opt/cni/bin
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
        - name: xtables-lock
          hostPath:
            path: /run/xtables.lock
            type: FileOrCreate

将其上传到服务器上后执行 

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

等待大约 3 分钟 

kubectl get pods -n kube-system 查看指定名称空间的 pods
kubectl get pods –all-namespace 查看所有名称空间的 pods
kubectl get ns

ip link set cni0 down 如果网络出现问题，关闭 cni0，重启虚拟机继续测试
执行 watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide 监控 pod 进度
等 3-10 分钟，完全都是 running 以后继续



加入 Kubernetes Node

加入node节点(在各个 Node 节点执行) 

在各个 Node 节点执行。
向集群添加新节点，执行在 kubeadm init 输出的 kubeadm join 命令：确保 node 节点成功
以为token有效期2小时，当token过期怎么办？
# 临时
	kubeadm token create --print-join-command
# 永久
	kubeadm token create --ttl 0 --print-join-command

kubeadm join 192.168.8.101:6443 --token ymwezq.cs9j4tq4urj3yuc8  --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0bb178298137223ac879adb8bfadd0732bf732270184c8d1dc36d5864f45ce2b

执行 watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide `监控 pod 进度`等 3-10 分钟，完全都是 running 以后使用 kubectl get nodes 检查状态

kubectl get nodes

此时就是多个节点了

至此kubernetes集群搭建完毕！



卸载



卸载docker

yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-selinux \
docker-engine-selinux \
docker-engine

or 

systemctl stop docker
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

指定版本安装docker 

# 指定docker版本
yum install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
# docker官网指定格式
yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io docker-compose-plugin



卸载podman

yum erase podman buildah



卸载k8s

yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
kubeadm reset -f
modprobe -r ipip
lsmod
rm -rf ~/.kube/
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rf /usr/bin/kube*
rm -rf /etc/cni
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf /var/etcd



重启docker&k8s

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

重启kubelet服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet



部署Ingress

ingress底层实现nginx，可以支持 TCP/UDP 4 层负载均衡和 HTTP 7 层负载均衡 

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml

上面的命令可能会被墙，所以我下载了下来供各位小伙伴使用命名为：ingress-controller.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
      # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: siriuszg/nginx-ingress-controller:0.20.0
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            # www-data -> 33
            runAsUser: 33
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  #type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    - name: https
      port: 443
      targetPort: 443
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

执行即可 

kubectl apply -f ingress-controller.yaml

在这里插入图片描述


向上开花，向下生根。我是Laity，正在前行的Laity。