使用
ResponseEntity可以作为controller的返回值,比如对于一个处理下载二进制文件的接口,可以这么定义:
@RequestMapping("/download")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> download(@RequestParam String fileName) throws IOException {
byte[] bytes = xxx;
return new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, HttpStatus.OK);
}
也可以使用流式风格的构造器:
@RequestMapping("/download")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> download(@RequestParam String fileName) throws IOException {
byte[] bytes = xxx;
return ResponseEntity.ok()
.headers(headers)
.body(bytes);
}
当然,ResponseEntity不仅仅可以用于处理下载,非ModelAndView的其他场景均可以使用。在WEB API项目中,如果没有特定的Java Bean封装的返回类型,可以使用该类型。
原理
那么这个ResponseEntity到底是啥?SpringMVC框架又是如何处理的?
public class HttpEntity<T> {
private final HttpHeaders headers;
@Nullable
private final T body;
// 省略其他代码
}
ResponseEntity继承了HttpEntity类,HttpEntity代表一个http请求或者响应实体,其内部有两个成员变量:header及body,代表http请求或响应的header及body,其中的body是泛化的。
public class ResponseEntity<T> extends HttpEntity<T> {
private final Object status;
public ResponseEntity(@Nullable T body, @Nullable MultiValueMap<String, String> headers, HttpStatus status) {
super(body, headers);
Assert.notNull(status, "HttpStatus must not be null");
this.status = status;
}
// 省略其他代码
}
下面看下ResponseEntity类,扩展了HttpEntity类,新增了status成员变量,这样,一个ResponseEntity基本可以代表完整的http的请求或响应了。这其实就是ResponseEntity类的作用。
使用ResponseEntity作为controller的返回值,我们可以方便地处理响应的header,状态码以及body。而通常使用的@ResponseBody注解,只能处理body部分。这也是为什么通常在下载场景中会使用ResponseEntity,因为下载需要设置header里的content-type以及特殊的status(比如206)。
HttpEntityMethodProcessor
该类继承自AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor类,AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor类我们之前在介绍@Responsebody注解原理时提到过,其中RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor是用来处理@Responsebody注解的。这里的HttpEntityMethodProcessor是AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor的另一个子类。该抽象类常见的子类其实就这俩了。在HttpEntityMethodProcessor中:
@Override
public boolean supportsReturnType(MethodParameter returnType) {
return (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType.getParameterType()) &&
!RequestEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType.getParameterType()));
}
可以看到,该processor专门处理返回值类型是ResponseEntity类型的controller返回值。处理过程如下:
@Override
public void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
if (returnValue == null) {
return;
}
ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest);
ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest);
Assert.isInstanceOf(HttpEntity.class, returnValue);
HttpEntity<?> responseEntity = (HttpEntity<?>) returnValue;
HttpHeaders outputHeaders = outputMessage.getHeaders();
HttpHeaders entityHeaders = responseEntity.getHeaders();
if (!entityHeaders.isEmpty()) {
entityHeaders.forEach((key, value) -> {
if (HttpHeaders.VARY.equals(key) && outputHeaders.containsKey(HttpHeaders.VARY)) {
List<String> values = getVaryRequestHeadersToAdd(outputHeaders, entityHeaders);
if (!values.isEmpty()) {
outputHeaders.setVary(values);
}
}
else {
outputHeaders.put(key, value);
}
});
}
if (responseEntity instanceof ResponseEntity) {
int returnStatus = ((ResponseEntity<?>) responseEntity).getStatusCodeValue();
outputMessage.getServletResponse().setStatus(returnStatus);
if (returnStatus == 200) {
if (SAFE_METHODS.contains(inputMessage.getMethod())
&& isResourceNotModified(inputMessage, outputMessage)) {
// Ensure headers are flushed, no body should be written.
outputMessage.flush();
ShallowEtagHeaderFilter.disableContentCaching(inputMessage.getServletRequest());
// Skip call to converters, as they may update the body.
return;
}
}
else if (returnStatus / 100 == 3) {
String location = outputHeaders.getFirst("location");
if (location != null) {
saveFlashAttributes(mavContainer, webRequest, location);
}
}
}
// Try even with null body. ResponseBodyAdvice could get involved.
writeWithMessageConverters(responseEntity.getBody(), returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
// Ensure headers are flushed even if no body was written.
outputMessage.flush();
}
分开来看下:
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
if (returnValue == null) {
return;
}
这段代码是为了标识该请求已经被处理过,不需要走view渲染逻辑。
HttpHeaders outputHeaders = outputMessage.getHeaders();
HttpHeaders entityHeaders = responseEntity.getHeaders();
if (!entityHeaders.isEmpty()) {
entityHeaders.forEach((key, value) -> {
if (HttpHeaders.VARY.equals(key) && outputHeaders.containsKey(HttpHeaders.VARY)) {
List<String> values = getVaryRequestHeadersToAdd(outputHeaders, entityHeaders);
if (!values.isEmpty()) {
outputHeaders.setVary(values);
}
}
else {
outputHeaders.put(key, value);
}
});
}
这段代码处理ResponseEntity里的header部分,写入httpResponse对象的header里。
接下来的代码负责将entity中的status也写入httpResponse对象中。
最后body部分是由这段代码处理的:
// Try even with null body. ResponseBodyAdvice could get involved.
writeWithMessageConverters(responseEntity.getBody(), returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
调用了父类的模板方法里,该模板方法负责将内部的messageConverter实例一次调用,根据mediaType找出合适的:
for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ?
(GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
if (genericConverter != null ?
((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueType, selectedMediaType) :
converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
body = getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType,
(Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(),
inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (body != null) {
Object theBody = body;
LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn ->
"Writing [" + LogFormatUtils.formatValue(theBody, !traceOn) + "]");
addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (genericConverter != null) {
genericConverter.write(body, targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
else {
((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Nothing to write: null body");
}
}
return;
}
}
这部分内容就不深入了,在另一篇文章中会介绍。
小结:
ResponseEntity对应一个http请求或者响应,可以用在controller的返回值里,方便处理header及status。
ResponseEntity类型的返回值由一个特殊的HttpEntityMethodProcessor类型的returnTypeHandler来处理,主要是将ResponseEntity里设置的header和status写入到httpResponse中,body部分调用的是父类的模板方法。