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题目：

配置：

R1

//配置ip地址


[r1]int g0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.1 24

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24

//配置路由（启动双协议）

[r1]rip 1

[r1-rip-1]version 2

[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0

[r1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0

[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0

R2

//配置ip地址


[r2]int g0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.1 24

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24

[r2-LoopBack0]q

//配置路由（启动双协议）

[r2]rip 1

[r2-rip-1]version 2

[r2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0

[r2-rip-1]q

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[r2-ospf-1]area 0

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

//两点双向重发布

[r2]ospf 1

[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

[r2-ospf-1]q

[r2]rip 1

[r2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

R3

//配置ip地址


[r3]int g0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.2 24

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.2 24

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24

[r3-LoopBack0]q

//配置路由（启动双协议）

[r3]rip

[r3-rip-1]version 2

[r3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0

[r3-rip-1]q

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[r3-ospf-1]area 0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

//两点双向重发布

[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

[r3-ospf-1]q

[r3]rip 1

[r3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

//通过修改R3的环回OSPF的接口工作类型为broadcast（广播）

路由回馈产生原因：在OSPF内部学习到的/32的路由，和R3重发布进入RIP后，再通过R2重发布进入OSPF学习到/24的路由，致使路由回馈



[r3]int lo0

[r3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast

R4

//配置ip地址


[r4]int g0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.2 24

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.2 24

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.1.1.1 24

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int lo0

[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24

//配置路由（启动双协议）

[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4

[r4-ospf-1]area 0

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0

R5

//配置ip地址


[r5]int g0/0/0

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.1.1.1 24

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

[r5-LoopBack0]q

//配置路由（启动双协议）

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[r5-ospf-1]a 0

[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0

R6

//配置ip地址


[r6]int g0/0/0

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.1.1.2 24

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.1.1.1 24

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 24

[r6-LoopBack0]q

//配置路由（启动双协议）

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[r6-ospf-1]a 0

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0

R7

//配置ip地址


[r7]int g0/0/0

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.1.1.2 24

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 7.7.7.7 24

[r7-LoopBack0]q

//配置路由（启动双协议）

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[r7-ospf-1]a 0

[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

//环回重发布

[r7]ospf 1

[r7-ospf-1]import-route direct

解决出环问题

通过前缀列表与路由策略修改优先级进行防环

R2:

[r2]ip ip-prefix a index 10 permit 7.7.7.0 24//创建名为a，序号为10的前缀列表抓取流量

[r2]route-policy b permit node 10//创建名为b，大动作为允许，序号为10的路由策略

Info: New Sequence of this List.

[r2-route-policy]q

[r2]route-policy b permit node 10

Info: You are overwriting this sequence.

[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a//匹配名为a的前缀列表

[r2-route-policy]apply preference 151//定义小动作，修改优先级为151

[r2-route-policy]rip 1

[r2-rip-1]preference route-policy b//进入RIP调用名为b的路由策略修改优先级

[r2-rip-1]q

R3

[r3]ip ip-prefix a index 10 permit 7.7.7.0 24

[r3]route-policy b permit node 10

Info: New Sequence of this List.

[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a

[r3-route-policy]apply  preference 151

[r3-route-policy]rip 1

[r3-rip-1]pre

[r3-rip-1]preference route-policy b

[r3-rip-1]q

路由环路产生原因：R7将其直连发布进OSPF协议中时，该路由优先级为150，在ENSP中，OSPF优先级为10，RIP为100，OSPF重发布后为150。则R7将路由重发布后，R2又将其重发布进入RIP中，RIP又将其优先级改为100并重发布进入OSPF中，则致使R4信任由R3过来的优先级为100的路由，导致出现环路

优化路由


在R2/R3上抓取与R1直连的网段和自身的环回，前缀为qq，定义小动作为修改度量类型，为类型1

R2

[r2]ip ip-prefix qq permit 3.3.3.0 24

[r2]ip ip-prefix qq permit 34.1.1.0 24

[r2]int g0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix qq 2

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[r2]ip ip-prefix z permit 12.1.1.0 24

[r2]ip ip-prefix z permit 2.2.2.0 24

[r2]route-policy z permit node 10

Info: New Sequence of this List.

[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix z

[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1

[r2-route-policy]q

[r2]route-policy z permit node 20

R3

[r3]ip ip-prefix hh index 10 permit 24.1.1.0 24

[r3]int g0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout ip-prefix hh 2

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[r3]ip ip-prefix z permit 13.1.1.0 24

[r3]ip ip-prefix z permit 3.3.3.0 24

[r3]route-policy z permit node 10

Info: New Sequence of this List.

[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix z

[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1

[r3-route-policy]q

[r3]route-policy z permit node 20

R2/3上的OSPF开始调用

R2:

[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy qq

R3:

[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy qq

测试

R1的环回也能ping通其他的环回

查看R1的路径